eprintid: 96855 rev_number: 58 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/00/09/68/55 datestamp: 2010-10-19 12:01:07 lastmod: 2021-10-04 01:30:54 status_changed: 2012-10-22 15:38:54 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Wake, GW creators_name: Ivey, GN creators_name: Imberger, J creators_name: McDonald, NR creators_name: Stocker, R title: Baroclinic geostrophic adjustment in a rotating circular basin ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F59 keywords: NONLINEAR ROSSBY ADJUSTMENT, KELVIN WAVES, ENERGETICS, CHANNEL, LAKE, GRAVITY note: © 2004 Cambridge University Press abstract: Baroclinic geostrophic adjustment in a rotating circular basin is investigated in a laboratory study. The adjustment process consists of a linear phase before advective and dissipative effects dominate the response for longer time. This work describes in detail the hydrodynamics and energetics of the linear phase of the adjustment process of a two-layer fluid from an initial step height discontinuity in the density interface DeltaH to a final response consisting of both geostrophic and fluctuating components. For a forcing lengthscale r(f) equal to the basin radius R-0, the geostrophic component takes the form of a basin-scale double gyre while the fluctuating component is composed of baroclinic Kelvin and Poincare waves. The Burger number S=R/r(f) (R is the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation) and the dimensionless forcing amplitude epsilon = DeltaH/H-1 (H-1 is the upper-layer depth) characterize the response of the adjustment process. In particular, comparisons between analytical solutions and laboratory measurements indicate that for time tau: 1 < tau < S-1 (tau is time scaled by the inertial period 2pi/f), the basin-scale double gyre is established, followed by a period where the double gyre is sustained, given by S-1 < tau < 2epsilon(-1) for a moderate forcing and S-1 < tau < tau(D) for a weak forcing (tau(D) is the dimensionless dissipation timescale due to Ekman damping). The analytical solution is used to calculate the energetics of the baroclinic geostrophic adjustment. The results are found to compare well with previous studies with partitioning of energy between the geostrophic and fluctuating components exhibiting a strong dependence on S. Finally, the outcomes of this study are considered in terms of their application to lakes influenced by the rotation of the Earth. date: 2004-09-25 publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000230 vfaculties: VMPS oa_status: green language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Article verified: verified_manual elements_source: Web of Science elements_id: 49415 doi: 10.1017/S0022112004000230 language_elements: EN lyricists_name: McDonald, Nicholas lyricists_id: NRMCD79 full_text_status: public publication: J FLUID MECH volume: 515 pagerange: 63 - 86 issn: 0022-1120 citation: Wake, GW; Ivey, GN; Imberger, J; McDonald, NR; Stocker, R; (2004) Baroclinic geostrophic adjustment in a rotating circular basin. J FLUID MECH , 515 63 - 86. 10.1017/S0022112004000230 <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000230>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/96855/1/download4.pdf