%0 Journal Article %@ 0031-9007 %A Varnava, M. %A Browne, D.E. %A Rudolph, T. %D 2006 %F discovery:9339 %J Physical Review Letters %N 12 %P 120501 %T Loss tolerance in one-way quantum computation via counterfactual error correction %U https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/9339/ %V 97 %X We introduce a scheme for fault tolerantly dealing with losses (or other "leakage" errors) in cluster state computation that can tolerate up to 50% qubit loss. This is achieved passively using an adaptive strategy of measurement - no coherent measurements or coherent correction is required. Since the scheme relies on inferring information about what would have been the outcome of a measurement had one been able to carry it out, we call this "counterfactual" error correction. Comment: Published version - much revised and with a new title. Here we now focus solely on the general aspects of the protocol - a much expanded and improved discussion of its application in linear optical quantum computation can now be found in quant-ph/0702044.