eprintid: 75037 rev_number: 78 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/00/07/50/37 datestamp: 2010-10-17 11:51:49 lastmod: 2021-12-13 03:05:43 status_changed: 2017-05-10 13:44:38 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Hawkins, SS creators_name: Griffiths, LJ creators_name: Dezateux, C creators_name: Law, C creators_name: Millennium Cohort Study Child Health Group, . title: The impact of maternal employment on breast-feeding duration in the UK Millennium Cohort Study ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: D13 divisions: G25 keywords: Adult, Breast Feeding, Child Day Care Centers, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Educational Status, Employment, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mothers, Odds Ratio, Parental Leave, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, United Kingdom note: This version is the version of record. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of maternal employment characteristics, day care arrangements and the type of maternity leave pay to breast-feeding for at least 4 months. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Babies aged 9 months in the Millennium Cohort Study, born between September 2000 and January 2002. SUBJECTS: A total of 6917 British/Irish white employed mothers with singleton babies. RESULTS: Mothers employed part-time or self-employed were more likely to breast-feed for at least 4 months than those employed full-time (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30 (1.17-1.44) and 1.74 (1.46-2.07), respectively). The longer a mother delayed her return to work postpartum, the more likely she was to breast-feed for at least 4 months (P for trend < 0.001). Mothers were less likely to breast-feed for at least 4 months if they returned to work for financial reasons (aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.93) or used informal day care arrangements rather than care by themselves or their partner (aRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.91). Mothers were more likely to breastfeed for at least 4 months if their employer offered family-friendly (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27) or flexible work arrangements (aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00-1.55), or they received Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) plus additional pay during their maternity leave rather than SMP alone (aRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.26). These findings were independent of confounding factors, such as socio-economic status and maternal education. CONCLUSIONS: Current policies may encourage mothers to enter or return to employment postpartum, but this may result in widening inequalities in breast-feeding and persistence of low rates. Policies should aim to increase financial support and incentives for employers to offer supportive work arrangements. date: 2007-09 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007226096 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_source: PubMed elements_id: 68478 doi: 10.1017/S1368980007226096 pii: S1368980007226096 lyricists_name: Bedford, Helen lyricists_name: Dezateux, Carol Anne lyricists_name: Griffiths, Lucy lyricists_name: Hawkins, Summer lyricists_name: Law, Catherine lyricists_name: Walton, Suzanne lyricists_id: HEBED28 lyricists_id: CDEZA65 lyricists_id: LFOST49 lyricists_id: SSHER37 lyricists_id: CLAWX59 lyricists_id: SJWAL06 actors_name: Dewerpe, Marie actors_id: MDDEW97 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Public Health Nutrition volume: 10 number: 9 pagerange: 891-896 event_location: England issn: 1368-9800 citation: Hawkins, SS; Griffiths, LJ; Dezateux, C; Law, C; Millennium Cohort Study Child Health Group, .; (2007) The impact of maternal employment on breast-feeding duration in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Public Health Nutrition , 10 (9) pp. 891-896. 10.1017/S1368980007226096 <https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007226096>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/75037/7/Law_impact_of_maternal_employment_on_breastfeeding_duration_in_the_uk_millennium_cohort_study.pdf