TY - JOUR N2 - How different is local cortical circuitry from a random network? To answer this question, we probed synaptic connections with several hundred simultaneous quadruple whole-cell recordings from layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the rat visual cortex. Analysis of this dataset revealed several nonrandom features in synaptic connectivity. We confirmed previous reports that bidirectional connections are more common than expected in a random network. We found that several highly clustered three-neuron connectivity patterns are overrepresented, suggesting that connections tend to cluster together. We also analyzed synaptic connection strength as defined by the peak excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude. We found that the distribution of synaptic connection strength differs significantly from the Poisson distribution and can be fitted by a lognormal distribution. Such a distribution has a heavier tail and implies that synaptic weight is concentrated among few synaptic connections. In addition, the strengths of synaptic connections sharing pre- or postsynaptic neurons are correlated, implying that strong connections are even more clustered than the weak ones. Therefore, the local cortical network structure can be viewed as a skeleton of stronger connections in a sea of weaker ones. Such a skeleton is likely to play an important role in network dynamics and should be investigated further. ID - discovery167506 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030068 PB - PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE SN - 1544-9173 JF - PLOS BIOL A1 - Song, S A1 - Sjostrom, PJ A1 - Reigl, M A1 - Nelson, S A1 - Chklovskii, DB KW - DEVELOPING RAT NEOCORTEX KW - LONG-TERM POTENTIATION KW - 5 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS KW - VISUAL-CORTEX KW - ESCHERICHIA-COLI KW - COMPLEX NETWORKS KW - FIRING PATTERNS KW - BARREL CORTEX KW - ADULT-RAT KW - CELL TI - Highly nonrandom features of synaptic connectivity in local cortical circuits Y1 - 2005/03/01/ AV - public VL - 3 IS - 3 N1 - © 2005 Song et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ER -