eprintid: 1574386 rev_number: 23 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/57/43/86 datestamp: 2017-09-28 13:49:37 lastmod: 2021-09-26 22:35:29 status_changed: 2017-09-28 13:49:37 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Norbury, CF creators_name: Vamvakas, G creators_name: Gooch, D creators_name: Baird, G creators_name: Charman, T creators_name: Simonoff, E creators_name: Pickles, A title: Language growth in children with heterogeneous language disorders: a population study ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D05 divisions: F71 keywords: Language disorder; language trajectories; longitudinal study; comorbidity note: © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: BACKGROUND: Language development has been characterised by significant individual stability from school entry. However, the extent to which trajectories of language growth vary in children with language disorder as a function of co-occurring developmental challenges is a question of theoretical import, with implications for service provision. METHODS: SCALES employed a population-based survey design with sample weighting procedures to estimate growth in core language skills over the first three years of school. A stratified sample (n = 529) received comprehensive assessment of language, nonverbal IQ, and social, emotional and behavioural difficulties at 5–6 years of age and 95% of the sample (n = 499) were assessed again at ages 7–8. Language growth was measured using both raw and standard scores in children with typical development, children with language disorder of unknown origin, and children with language disorders associated with a known clinical condition and/or intellectual disability. RESULTS: Overall, language was stable at the individual level (estimated ICC = 0.95) over the first three years of school. Linear mixed effects models highlighted steady growth in language raw scores across all three groups, including those with multiple developmental challenges. There was little evidence, however, that children with language disorders were narrowing the gap with peers (z-scores). Adjusted models indicated that while nonverbal ability, socioeconomic status and social, emotional and behavioural deficits predicted initial language score (intercept), none predicted language growth (slope). CONCLUSIONS: These findings corroborate previous studies suggesting stable language trajectories after ages 5–6 years, but add considerably to previous work by demonstrating similar developmental patterns in children with additional nonverbal cognitive deficits, social, emotional, and behavioural challenges, social disadvantage or clinical diagnoses. date: 2017-10 date_type: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell official_url: http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12793 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1421343 doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12793 lyricists_name: Gooch, Deborah lyricists_name: Norbury, Courtenay lyricists_id: DEDWA30 lyricists_id: CFNOR45 actors_name: Barczynska, Patrycja actors_id: PBARC91 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry volume: 58 number: 10 pagerange: 1092-1105 issn: 0021-9630 citation: Norbury, CF; Vamvakas, G; Gooch, D; Baird, G; Charman, T; Simonoff, E; Pickles, A; (2017) Language growth in children with heterogeneous language disorders: a population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 58 (10) pp. 1092-1105. 10.1111/jcpp.12793 <https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12793>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1574386/1/Norbury_et_al-1092-Journal_of_Child_Psychology_and_Psychiatry.pdf