eprintid: 1570215 rev_number: 31 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/57/02/15 datestamp: 2017-08-15 10:20:36 lastmod: 2021-09-26 22:20:24 status_changed: 2017-08-15 10:20:36 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Wang, M creators_name: Hossain, MA creators_name: Choy, KL title: Effect of Sodium Treatment on the Performance of Electrostatic Spray Assisted Vapour Deposited Copper-poor Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Solar Cells ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F62 divisions: ZZN keywords: Devices for energy harvesting, Solar cells note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. abstract: In our work, eco-friendly, non-vacuum and low cost Electrostatic Spray Assisted Vapour Deposition (ESAVD) method has been used to produce Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 (CIGS) solar cells. Copper (Cu) deficient (Cu/In + Ga = 0.76) CIGS films were designed to avoid the rather dangerous KCN treatment step for the removal of conductive minor phases of Cu 2 S/Cu 2 Se. A simple sodium (Na) treatment method was used to modify the morphology and electronic properties of the absorber and it clearly improved the solar cell performance. The SEM and XRD results testified a slightly increase of the grain size and (112) crystal orientation in the Na-incorporated CIGS thin films. From the Mott-schottky results, it can be seen that the functions of the Na treatment in our non-vacuum deposited CIGS are mainly used for defect passivation and reduction of charge recombination. Photovoltaic characteristics and j-V curve demonstrated that the dipping of CIGS films in 0.2 M NaCl solution for 20 minutes followed by selenization at 550 °C under selenium vapor resulted in the optimum photovoltaic performance, with j sc , V oc , FF and η of the optimized solar cell of 29.30 mA cm -2 , 0.564 V, 65.59% and 10.83%, respectively. date: 2017-07-28 date_type: published official_url: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07027-9 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1413362 doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07027-9 lyricists_name: Choy, Kwang lyricists_name: Wang, Mingqing lyricists_id: KLCHO01 lyricists_id: MWANA09 actors_name: Wang, Mingqing actors_id: MWANA09 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Scientific Reports volume: 7 number: 1 article_number: 6788 issn: 2045-2322 citation: Wang, M; Hossain, MA; Choy, KL; (2017) Effect of Sodium Treatment on the Performance of Electrostatic Spray Assisted Vapour Deposited Copper-poor Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Solar Cells. Scientific Reports , 7 (1) , Article 6788. 10.1038/s41598-017-07027-9 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07027-9>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1570215/1/Wang-M_Na%20%20treated%20CIGS%20scientific%20report%20merged_1495532309_vor.pdf