eprintid: 1569199 rev_number: 35 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/56/91/99 datestamp: 2017-08-08 10:49:09 lastmod: 2021-10-25 22:45:45 status_changed: 2017-08-08 10:49:09 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Panicker, JN creators_name: Pakzad, M creators_name: Fowler, CJ title: Fowler's syndrome: a primary disorder of urethral sphincter relaxation ispublished: pub subjects: UCH divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D07 divisions: F85 keywords: botulinum toxin, electromyography, Fowler's syndrome, sacral neuromodulation note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: Key content: Urinary retention is a relatively uncommon presentation in young women. Women with Fowler's syndrome are often found to have an abnormally elevated urethral pressure profile, increased urethral sphincter volume and characteristically abnormal electromyography of the urethral sphincter. The only treatment that has been found to restore voiding in women with Fowler's syndrome is sacral neuromodulation. Sphincter injections of botulinum toxin are a possible outpatient‐based alternative. / Learning objectives: To review the typical symptoms and signs associated with Fowler's syndrome. To share the current understanding about why this condition may occur. To understand how to evaluate and treat a woman with suspected Fowler's syndrome. / Ethical issues: Fowler's syndrome should be considered in women presenting with urinary retention where the cause for retention is uncertain. date: 2018-04 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12448 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1409139 doi: 10.1111/tog.12448 lyricists_name: Fowler, Clare lyricists_name: Panicker, Jalesh lyricists_id: CJFOW55 lyricists_id: JPANI24 actors_name: Panicker, Jalesh actors_name: Laslett, David actors_id: JPANI24 actors_id: DLASL34 actors_role: owner actors_role: impersonator full_text_status: public publication: The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist volume: 20 number: 2 pagerange: 95-100 issn: 1467-2561 citation: Panicker, JN; Pakzad, M; Fowler, CJ; (2018) Fowler's syndrome: a primary disorder of urethral sphincter relaxation. The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist , 20 (2) pp. 95-100. 10.1111/tog.12448 <https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12448>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1569199/1/Panicker_15.11.2016CleanVersionFowlers%20%20SyndromereviewObsGynae11.pdf