TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fowler's syndrome: a primary disorder of urethral sphincter relaxation
EP  - 100
AV  - public
Y1  - 2018/04//
KW  - botulinum toxin
KW  -  electromyography
KW  -  Fowler's syndrome
KW  -  sacral neuromodulation
ID  - discovery1569199
N2  - Key content: Urinary retention is a relatively uncommon presentation in young women.
Women with Fowler's syndrome are often found to have an abnormally elevated urethral pressure profile, increased urethral sphincter volume and characteristically abnormal electromyography of the urethral sphincter.
The only treatment that has been found to restore voiding in women with Fowler's syndrome is sacral neuromodulation.
Sphincter injections of botulinum toxin are a possible outpatient?based alternative. / Learning objectives: To review the typical symptoms and signs associated with Fowler's syndrome.
To share the current understanding about why this condition may occur.
To understand how to evaluate and treat a woman with suspected Fowler's syndrome. / Ethical issues: Fowler's syndrome should be considered in women presenting with urinary retention where the cause for retention is uncertain.
N1  - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions.
IS  - 2
SP  - 95
VL  - 20
JF  - The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
A1  - Panicker, JN
A1  - Pakzad, M
A1  - Fowler, CJ
SN  - 1467-2561
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12448
ER  -