eprintid: 1568955 rev_number: 32 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/56/89/55 datestamp: 2017-08-06 03:32:56 lastmod: 2021-10-02 22:09:24 status_changed: 2017-09-22 15:18:33 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Hudson, KD creators_name: Farran, EK title: Thinking inside the box: Spatial frames of reference for drawing in Williams syndrome and typical development ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B16 divisions: B14 keywords: Drawing, Williams syndrome, Development, Spatial, Orientation, Processing style, Frames of reference, Oblique lines note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: Background: Successfully completing a drawing relies on the ability to accurately impose and manipulate spatial frames of reference for the object that is being drawn and for the drawing space. Typically developing (TD) children use cues such as the page boundary as a frame of reference to guide the orientation of drawn lines. Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) typically produce incohesive drawings; this is proposed to reflect a local processing bias. Aims: Across two studies, we provide the first investigation of the effect of using a frame of reference when drawing simple lines and shapes in WS and TD groups (matched for non-verbal ability). Methods and procedures: Individuals with WS (N = 17 Experiment 1; N = 18 Experiment 2) and TD children matched by non-verbal ability drew single lines (Experiment One) and whole shapes (Experiment Two) within a neutral, incongruent or congruent frame. The angular deviation of the drawn line/shape, relative to the model line/shape, was measured. Outcomes and results: Both groups were sensitive to spatial frames of reference when drawing single lines and whole shapes, imposed by a frame around the drawing space. Conclusions and implications: A local processing bias in WS cannot explain poor drawing performance in WS. date: 2017-09-01 date_type: published publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD official_url: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.008 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1408849 doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.008 lyricists_name: Farran, Emily Kate lyricists_id: EKFAR44 actors_name: Waragoda Vitharana, Nimal actors_id: NWARR44 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Research in Developmental Disabilities volume: 68 pagerange: 66-77 pages: 12 issn: 0891-4222 citation: Hudson, KD; Farran, EK; (2017) Thinking inside the box: Spatial frames of reference for drawing in Williams syndrome and typical development. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 68 pp. 66-77. 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.008 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.008>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1568955/1/Farran_of_Reference_14thApril2017clean.pdf