eprintid: 1566848 rev_number: 32 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/56/68/48 datestamp: 2017-07-28 13:57:57 lastmod: 2021-10-14 22:53:39 status_changed: 2017-09-29 11:49:26 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Heinen, E creators_name: Harshfield, A creators_name: Panter, J creators_name: Mackett, RL creators_name: Ogilvie, D title: Does exposure to new transport infrastructure result in modal shifts? Patterns of change in commute mode choices in a four-year quasi-experimental cohort study ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F44 note: Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/). abstract: BACKGROUND: Intervention studies suggest that changing the built environment may encourage a modal shift from car travel towards active travel. However, little is known about the detail of patterns of changes in travel behaviour. METHOD: Adult commuters working in Cambridge (UK) completed annual questionnaires between 2009 and 2012. Commuting was assessed using a validated seven-day travel-to-work record. The intervention consisted of the opening of a guided busway with a path for walking and cycling in 2011. Exposure to the intervention was defined as the negative of the square root of the shortest road distance from home to the busway. We investigated the association between exposure to the intervention and specific modal shifts and patterns of change, along with individual mode choice patterns over the entire four-year period. RESULTS: Five groups of patterns of change were found in our in-depth explorations: (1) no change, (2) a full modal shift, (3) a partial modal shift, (4) non-stable but patterned behaviour, and (5) complicated or apparently random patterns. A minority of participants had a directed change of either a full modal shift or, more commonly, a partial modal shift, whereas a large proportion showed a highly variable pattern. No significant associations were found between exposure to the intervention and specific modal shifts or patterns of change. CONCLUSION: Our analyses revealed a large diversity in (changes in) travel behaviour patterns over time, and showed that the intervention did not result in one specific pattern of behaviour change or produce only full modal shifts. These insights are important for improving the measurement of travel behaviour, improving our understanding of how changes in travel behaviour patterns occur, and fully capturing the potential impacts of interventions. date: 2017-09 date_type: published publisher: Elsevier BV official_url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.07.009 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1406928 doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.07.009 lyricists_name: Mackett, Roger lyricists_id: RLMAC28 actors_name: Mackett, Roger actors_id: RLMAC28 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Transport and Health volume: 6 pagerange: 396-410 issn: 2214-1413 citation: Heinen, E; Harshfield, A; Panter, J; Mackett, RL; Ogilvie, D; (2017) Does exposure to new transport infrastructure result in modal shifts? Patterns of change in commute mode choices in a four-year quasi-experimental cohort study. Journal of Transport and Health , 6 pp. 396-410. 10.1016/j.jth.2017.07.009 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.07.009>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1566848/8/Heinen_Does_exposure_new_transport.pdf