eprintid: 1560289 rev_number: 33 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/56/02/89 datestamp: 2017-08-24 14:42:46 lastmod: 2021-10-05 00:37:18 status_changed: 2017-08-24 15:01:15 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Li, L-H creators_name: Chen, Y-J creators_name: Ferreira, PMV creators_name: Liu, Y creators_name: Xiao, H-L title: Experimental Investigations on the Pull-Out Behavior of Tire Strips Reinforced Sands ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F44 keywords: Frictional resistance, geogrid, interface properties, load displacement behavior, pull-out tests, reinforced soil, rubber, waste tires note: © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Waste tires have excellent mechanical performance and have been used as reinforcing material in geotechnical engineering; however, their interface properties are poorly understood. To further our knowledge, this paper examines the pull-out characteristics of waste tire strips in a compacted sand, together with uniaxial and biaxial geogrids also tested under the same conditions. The analysis of the results shows that the interlocking effect and pull-out resistance between the tire strip and the sand is very strong and significantly higher than that of the geogrids. In the early stages of the pull-out test, the resistance is mainly provided by the front portion of the embedded tire strips, as the pull-out test continues, more and more of the areas towards the end of the tire strips are mobilized, showing a progressive failure mechanism. The deformations are proportional to the frictional resistance between the tire-sand interface, and increase as the normal stresses increase. Tire strips of different wear intensities were tested and presented different pull-out resistances; however, the pull-out resistance mobilization patterns were generally similar. The pull-out resistance values obtained show that rubber reinforcement can provide much higher pull-out forces than the geogrid reinforcements tested here, showing that waste tires are an excellent alternative as a reinforcing system, regardless of the environmental advantages. date: 2017-06-27 date_type: published official_url: http://doi.org/10.3390/ma10070707 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub pmcid: PMC5551750 language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1299661 doi: 10.3390/ma10070707 pii: ma10070707 lyricists_name: Ferreira, Pedro lyricists_id: PMVFE79 actors_name: Ferreira, Pedro actors_name: Laslett, David actors_id: PMVFE79 actors_id: DLASL34 actors_role: owner actors_role: impersonator full_text_status: public publication: Materials volume: 10 number: 7 article_number: 707 event_location: Switzerland issn: 1996-1944 citation: Li, L-H; Chen, Y-J; Ferreira, PMV; Liu, Y; Xiao, H-L; (2017) Experimental Investigations on the Pull-Out Behavior of Tire Strips Reinforced Sands. Materials , 10 (7) , Article 707. 10.3390/ma10070707 <https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10070707>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1560289/1/Ferreira_materials-10-00707-v3.pdf