%0 Journal Article
%@ 1996-1944
%A Li, L-H
%A Chen, Y-J
%A Ferreira, PMV
%A Liu, Y
%A Xiao, H-L
%D 2017
%F discovery:1560289
%J Materials
%K Frictional resistance, geogrid, interface properties, load displacement behavior, pull-out tests, reinforced soil, rubber, waste tires
%N 7
%T Experimental Investigations on the Pull-Out Behavior of Tire Strips Reinforced Sands
%U https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1560289/
%V 10
%X Waste tires have excellent mechanical performance and have been used as reinforcing material in geotechnical engineering; however, their interface properties are poorly understood. To further our knowledge, this paper examines the pull-out characteristics of waste tire strips in a compacted sand, together with uniaxial and biaxial geogrids also tested under the same conditions. The analysis of the results shows that the interlocking effect and pull-out resistance between the tire strip and the sand is very strong and significantly higher than that of the geogrids. In the early stages of the pull-out test, the resistance is mainly provided by the front portion of the embedded tire strips, as the pull-out test continues, more and more of the areas towards the end of the tire strips are mobilized, showing a progressive failure mechanism. The deformations are proportional to the frictional resistance between the tire-sand interface, and increase as the normal stresses increase. Tire strips of different wear intensities were tested and presented different pull-out resistances; however, the pull-out resistance mobilization patterns were generally similar. The pull-out resistance values obtained show that rubber reinforcement can provide much higher pull-out forces than the geogrid reinforcements tested here, showing that waste tires are an excellent alternative as a reinforcing system, regardless of the environmental advantages.
%Z © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access  article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution  (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).