@article{discovery1560289,
          volume = {10},
           month = {June},
          number = {7},
            note = {{\copyright} 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).},
           title = {Experimental Investigations on the Pull-Out Behavior of Tire Strips Reinforced Sands},
            year = {2017},
         journal = {Materials},
          author = {Li, L-H and Chen, Y-J and Ferreira, PMV and Liu, Y and Xiao, H-L},
            issn = {1996-1944},
        abstract = {Waste tires have excellent mechanical performance and have been used as reinforcing material in geotechnical engineering; however, their interface properties are poorly understood. To further our knowledge, this paper examines the pull-out characteristics of waste tire strips in a compacted sand, together with uniaxial and biaxial geogrids also tested under the same conditions. The analysis of the results shows that the interlocking effect and pull-out resistance between the tire strip and the sand is very strong and significantly higher than that of the geogrids. In the early stages of the pull-out test, the resistance is mainly provided by the front portion of the embedded tire strips, as the pull-out test continues, more and more of the areas towards the end of the tire strips are mobilized, showing a progressive failure mechanism. The deformations are proportional to the frictional resistance between the tire-sand interface, and increase as the normal stresses increase. Tire strips of different wear intensities were tested and presented different pull-out resistances; however, the pull-out resistance mobilization patterns were generally similar. The pull-out resistance values obtained show that rubber reinforcement can provide much higher pull-out forces than the geogrid reinforcements tested here, showing that waste tires are an excellent alternative as a reinforcing system, regardless of the environmental advantages.},
             url = {http://doi.org/10.3390/ma10070707},
        keywords = {Frictional resistance, geogrid, interface properties, load displacement behavior, pull-out tests, reinforced soil, rubber, waste tires}
}