TY  - JOUR
JF  - Scientific Reports
KW  - Asthma;
Risk factors
A1  - Skaaby, T
A1  - Taylor, AE
A1  - Jacobsen, RK
A1  - Paternoster, L
A1  - Thuesen, BH
A1  - Ahluwalia, TS
A1  - Larsen, SC
A1  - Zhou, A
A1  - Wong, A
A1  - Gabrielsen, ME
A1  - Bjørngaard, JH
A1  - Flexeder, C
A1  - Männistö, S
A1  - Hardy, R
A1  - Kuh, D
A1  - Barry, SJ
A1  - Tang Møllehave, L
A1  - Cerqueira, C
A1  - Friedrich, N
A1  - Bonten, TN
A1  - Noordam, R
A1  - Mook-Kanamori, DO
A1  - Taube, C
A1  - Jessen, LE
A1  - McConnachie, A
A1  - Sattar, N
A1  - Upton, MN
A1  - McSharry, C
A1  - Bønnelykke, K
A1  - Bisgaard, H
A1  - Schulz, H
A1  - Strauch, K
A1  - Meitinger, T
A1  - Peters, A
A1  - Grallert, H
A1  - Nohr, EA
A1  - Kivimaki, M
A1  - Kumari, M
A1  - Völker, U
A1  - Nauck, M
A1  - Völzke, H
A1  - Power, C
A1  - Hyppönen, E
A1  - Hansen, T
A1  - Jørgensen, T
A1  - Pedersen, O
A1  - Salomaa, V
A1  - Grarup, N
A1  - Langhammer, A
A1  - Romundstad, PR
A1  - Skorpen, F
A1  - Kaprio, J
A1  - R Munafò, M
A1  - Linneberg, A
ID  - discovery1558522
N2  - Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma by using the smoking-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968/rs1051730. We included 231,020 participants from 22 population-based studies. Observational analyses showed that current vs never smokers had lower risk of hay fever (odds ratio (OR)?=?0·68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·61, 0·76; P?<?0·001) and allergic sensitization (OR?=?0·74, 95% CI: 0·64, 0·86; P?<?0·001), but similar asthma risk (OR?=?1·00, 95% CI: 0·91, 1·09; P?=?0·967). Mendelian randomization analyses in current smokers showed a slightly lower risk of hay fever (OR?=?0·958, 95% CI: 0·920, 0·998; P?=?0·041), a lower risk of allergic sensitization (OR?=?0·92, 95% CI: 0·84, 1·02; P?=?0·117), but higher risk of asthma (OR?=?1·06, 95% CI: 1·01, 1·11; P?=?0·020) per smoking-increasing allele. Our results suggest that smoking may be causally related to a higher risk of asthma and a slightly lower risk of hay fever. However, the adverse events associated with smoking limit its clinical significance.
SN  - 2045-2322
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01977-w
N1  - Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article?s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article?s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
TI  - Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium
AV  - public
VL  - 7
Y1  - 2017/05/22/
ER  -