TY  - JOUR
EP  - 1740
AV  - public
Y1  - 2017/08//
TI  - Developing Transdermal Applications of Ketorolac Tromethamine Entrapped in Stimuli Sensitive Block Copolymer Hydrogels
KW  - carbomer
KW  -  hydrogels
KW  -  ketorolac
KW  -  tromethamine
KW  -  poloxamer
KW  -  transdermal
PB  - SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
ID  - discovery1557936
N2  - Purpose: In order to obtain dermal vehicles of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) for the local treatment of inflammation and restrict undesirable side effects of systemic levels hydrogels (HGs) of poloxamer and carbomer were developed. / Methods: KT poloxamer based HG (KT-P407-HG) and KT carbomer based HG (KT-C940-HG) were elaborated and characterized in terms of swelling, degradation, porosity, rheology, stability, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation and distribution skin layers. Finally, in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy and skin tolerance were also assessed. / Results: HGs were transparent and kept stable after 3 months exhibiting biocompatible near neutral pH values. Rheological patterns fitted to Herschel-Bulkley for KT-C940-HG and Newton for KT-P407-HG due to its low viscosity at 25°C. Rapid release profiles were observed through first order kinetics. Following the surface the highest concentration of KT from C940-HG was found in the epidermis and the stratum corneum for P407-HG. Relevant anti-inflammatory efficacy of KT-P407-HG revealed enough ability to provide sufficient bioavailability KT to reach easily the site of action. The application of developed formulations in volunteers did not induce any visual skin irritation. / Conclusions: KT-P407-HG was proposed as suitable formulation for anti-inflammatory local treatment without theoretical systemic side effect.
N1  - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions.
IS  - 8
SP  - 1728
VL  - 34
A1  - Mallandrich, M
A1  - Fernández-Campos, F
A1  - Clares, B
A1  - Halbaut, L
A1  - Alonso, C
A1  - Coderch, L
A1  - Garduño-Ramirez, ML
A1  - Andrade, B
A1  - Del Pozo, A
A1  - Lane, ME
A1  - Calpena, AC
JF  - Pharmaceutical Research
SN  - 1573-904X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2181-8
ER  -