eprintid: 1557037 rev_number: 43 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/55/70/37 datestamp: 2017-05-21 11:26:21 lastmod: 2021-09-22 22:13:00 status_changed: 2018-05-09 11:38:46 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Doran, SJ creators_name: Hipwell, JH creators_name: Denholm, R creators_name: Eiben, B creators_name: Busana, M creators_name: Hawkes, DJ creators_name: Leach, MO creators_name: Dos Santos Silva, I title: Breast MRI segmentation for density estimation: Do different methods give the same results and how much do differences matter? ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F42 keywords: ALSPAC, MRI, breast cancer, mammographic density, segmentation note: Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Medical Physics published by WileyPeriodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine. This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: PURPOSE: To compare two methods of automatic breast segmentation with each other and with manual segmentation in a large subject cohort. To discuss the factors involved in selecting the most appropriate algorithm for automatic segmentation and, in particular, to investigate the appropriateness of overlap measures (e.g., Dice and Jaccard coefficients) as the primary determinant in algorithm selection. METHODS: Two methods of breast segmentation were applied to the task of calculating MRI breast density in 200 subjects drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a large cohort study with an MRI component. A semi-automated, bias-corrected, fuzzy C-means (BC-FCM) method was combined with morphological operations to segment the overall breast volume from inphase Dixon images. The method makes use of novel, problem-specific insights. The resulting segmentation mask was then applied to the corresponding Dixon water and fat images, which were combined to give Dixon MRI density values. Contemporaneously acquired T1 - and T2 -weighted image datasets were analysed using a novel and fully automated algorithm involving image filtering, landmark identification and explicit location of the pectoral muscle boundary. Within the region found, fat-water discrimination was performed using an Expectation Maximisation - Markov Random Field technique, yielding a second independent estimate of MRI density. RESULTS: Images are presented for two individual women, demonstrating how the difficulty of the problem is highly subject-specific. Dice and Jaccard coefficients comparing the semiautomated BC-FCM method, operating on Dixon source data, with expert manual segmentation are presented. The corresponding results for the method based on T1 - and T2 -weighted data are slightly lower in the individual cases shown, but scatter plots and inter-class correlations for the cohort as a whole show that both methods do an excellent job in segmenting and classifying breast tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological results demonstrate that both methods of automated segmentation are suitable for the chosen application and that it is important to consider a range of factors when choosing a segmentation algorithm, rather than focus narrowly on a single metric such as the Dice coefficient. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. date: 2017-05-06 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.12320 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1294791 doi: 10.1002/mp.12320 lyricists_name: Eiben, Bjorn lyricists_name: Hawkes, David lyricists_id: BEIBE76 lyricists_id: DJHAW78 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Medical Physics volume: 44 number: 9 pagerange: 4573-4592 event_location: United States issn: 2473-4209 citation: Doran, SJ; Hipwell, JH; Denholm, R; Eiben, B; Busana, M; Hawkes, DJ; Leach, MO; Doran, SJ; Hipwell, JH; Denholm, R; Eiben, B; Busana, M; Hawkes, DJ; Leach, MO; Dos Santos Silva, I; - view fewer <#> (2017) Breast MRI segmentation for density estimation: Do different methods give the same results and how much do differences matter? Medical Physics , 44 (9) pp. 4573-4592. 10.1002/mp.12320 <https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12320>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1557037/1/Eiben_Doran_et_al-2017-Medical_Physics.pdf