@article{discovery1556760,
            year = {2017},
           title = {Nanoporous Gold Biointerfaces: Modifying Nanostructure to Control Neural Cell Coverage and Enhance Electrophysiological Recording Performance},
         journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},
           month = {January},
          volume = {27},
          number = {3},
            note = {This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.},
             url = {http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201604631},
          author = {Chapman, CAR and Wang, L and Chen, H and Garrison, J and Lein, PJ and Seker, E},
            issn = {1616-301X},
        abstract = {Nanostructured neural interface coatings have significantly enhanced recording fidelity in both implantable and in vitro devices. As such, nanoporous gold (np-Au) has shown promise as a multifunctional neural interface coating due, in part, to its ability to promote nanostructure-mediated reduction in astrocytic surface coverage while not affecting neuronal coverage. The goal of this study is to provide insight into the mechanisms by which the np-Au nanostructure drives the differential response of neurons versus astrocytes in an in vitro model. Utilizing microfabricated libraries that display varying feature sizes of np-Au, it is demonstrated that np-Au influences neural cell coverage through modulating focal adhesion formation in a feature size-dependent manner. The results here show that surfaces with small ({$\approx$}30 nm) features control astrocyte spreading through inhibition of focal adhesion formation, while surfaces with large ({$\approx$}170 nm and greater) features control astrocyte spreading through other mechanotransduction mechanisms. This cellular response combined with lower electrical impedance of np-Au electrodes significantly enhances the fidelity and stability of electrophysiological recordings from cortical neuron-glia co-cultures relative to smooth gold electrodes. Finally, by leveraging the effect of nanostructure on neuronal versus glial cell attachment, the use of laser-based nanostructure modulation is demonstrated for selectively patterning neurons with micrometer spatial resolution.},
        keywords = {cell-material interactions; electrophysiology; nanoporous gold; nanostructure libraries; neural interfaces}
}