eprintid: 1556049 rev_number: 28 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/55/60/49 datestamp: 2017-05-13 21:35:01 lastmod: 2021-11-30 22:59:31 status_changed: 2017-10-06 11:23:47 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Varlet, M creators_name: Wade, A creators_name: Novembre, G creators_name: Keller, PE title: Investigation of the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on self-paced rhythmic movements ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 keywords: Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Neurosciences, Neurosciences & Neurology, tACS, entrainment, self-paced rhythmic movement, frequency-dependent side effects, PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX, PARKINSONS-DISEASE, CORTICOKINEMATIC COHERENCE, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, CORTICAL EXCITABILITY, HAND MOVEMENTS, ENTRAINMENT, SYNCHRONIZATION, OSCILLATIONS, FREQUENCY note: © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: Human rhythmic movements spontaneously entrain to external rhythmic stimuli. Such sensory-motor entrainment can attract movements to different tempi and enhance their efficiency, with potential clinical applications for motor rehabilitation. Here we investigate whether entrainment of self-paced rhythmic movements can be induced via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which uses alternating currents to entrain spontaneous brain oscillations at specific frequencies. Participants swung a handheld pendulum at their preferred tempo with the right hand while tACS was applied over their left or right primary motor cortex at frequencies equal to their preferred tempo (Experiment 1) or in the alpha (10 Hz) and beta (20 Hz) ranges (Experiment 2). Given that entrainment generally occurs only if the frequency difference between two rhythms is small, stimulations were delivered at frequencies equal to participants’ preferred movement tempo (≈1 Hz) and ±12.5% in Experiment 1, and at 10 Hz and 20 Hz, and ±12.5% in Experiment 2. The comparison of participants’ movement frequency, amplitude, variability, and phase synchrony with and without tACS failed to reveal entrainment or movement modifications across the two experiments. However, significant differences in stimulation-related side effects reported by participants were found between the two experiments, with phosphenes and burning sensations principally occurring in Experiment 2, and metallic tastes reported marginally more often in Experiment 1. Although other stimulation protocols may be effective, our results suggest that rhythmic movements such as pendulum swinging or locomotion that are low in goal-directedness and/or strongly driven by peripheral and mechanical constraints may not be susceptible to modulation by tACS. date: 2017-05-14 date_type: published publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD official_url: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.016 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1272924 doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.016 lyricists_name: Novembre, Giacomo lyricists_id: GNOVE10 actors_name: Novembre, Giacomo actors_name: Laslett, David actors_id: GNOVE10 actors_id: DLASL34 actors_role: owner actors_role: impersonator full_text_status: public publication: Neuroscience volume: 350 pagerange: 75-84 pages: 10 issn: 1873-7544 citation: Varlet, M; Wade, A; Novembre, G; Keller, PE; (2017) Investigation of the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on self-paced rhythmic movements. Neuroscience , 350 pp. 75-84. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.016 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.016>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1556049/1/Novembre_Manuscript_Varlet_etal_Production_Giac.pdf