eprintid: 1552721 rev_number: 28 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/55/27/21 datestamp: 2017-04-22 21:20:25 lastmod: 2021-10-05 00:39:36 status_changed: 2017-06-27 11:09:17 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Pandey, A creators_name: Ploubidis, GB creators_name: Clarke, L creators_name: Dandona, L title: Horizontal inequity in outpatient care use and untreated morbidity: evidence from nationwide surveys in India between 1995 and 2014. ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B16 divisions: B14 divisions: J81 keywords: Concentration index, India, healthcare use, horizontal inequity, older population, outpatient, untreated morbidity note: © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: Equity in healthcare has been a long-term guiding principle of health policy in India. We estimate the change in horizontal inequities in healthcare use over two decades comparing the older population (60 years or more) with the younger population (under 60 years). We used data from the nationwide healthcare surveys conducted in India by the National Sample Survey Organization in 1995-96 and 2014 with sample sizes 633 405 and 335 499, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logit regression analyses were used to study the socioeconomic differentials in self-reported morbidity (SRM), outpatient care and untreated morbidity. Deviations in the degree to which healthcare was distributed according to need were measured by horizontal inequity index (HI). In each consumption quintile the older population had four times higher SRM and outpatient care rate than the younger population in 2014. In 1995-96, the pro-rich inequity in outpatient care was higher for the older (HI: 0.085; 95% CI: 0.066, 0.103) than the younger population (0.039; 0.034, 0.043), but by 2014 this inequity became similar. Untreated morbidity was concentrated among the poor; more so for the older (-0.320; -0.391, -0.249) than the younger (-0.176; -0.211, -0.141) population in 2014. The use of public facilities increased most in the poorest and poor quintiles; the increase was higher for the older than the younger population in the poorest (1.19 times) and poor (1.71 times) quintiles. The use of public facilities was disproportionately higher for the poor in 2014 than in 1995-96 for the older (-0.189; -0.234, -0.145 vs - 0.065; -0.129, -0.001) and the younger (-0.145; -0.175, -0.115 vs - 0.056; -0.086, -0.026) population. The older population has much higher morbidity and is often more disadvantaged in obtaining treatment. Health policy in India should pay special attention to equity in access to healthcare for the older population. date: 2017-04-17 date_type: published official_url: http://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx016 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: hrv primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1287169 doi: 10.1093/heapol/czx016 pii: 3737837 lyricists_name: Ploubidis, George lyricists_id: GPLOU01 actors_name: Waragoda Vitharana, Nimal actors_id: NWARR44 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Health Policy and Planning event_location: England issn: 1460-2237 citation: Pandey, A; Ploubidis, GB; Clarke, L; Dandona, L; (2017) Horizontal inequity in outpatient care use and untreated morbidity: evidence from nationwide surveys in India between 1995 and 2014. Health Policy and Planning 10.1093/heapol/czx016 <https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol%2Fczx016>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1552721/1/Ploubidis_czx016.pdf