eprintid: 1540853 rev_number: 31 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/54/08/53 datestamp: 2017-02-15 11:32:35 lastmod: 2021-09-20 00:06:15 status_changed: 2017-03-23 18:07:20 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Robertson, JL creators_name: Martin, E creators_name: Cox, B creators_name: Treeby, B title: Sensitivity of simulated transcranial ultrasound fields to acoustic medium property maps ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F42 keywords: Acoustic Simulation, Numerical Methods, Pseudospectral Methods, Sensitivity Analysis, Time-Reversal, Transcranial Ultrasound note: As the Version of Record of this article is going to be/has been published on a subscription basis, this Accepted Manuscript will be available for reuse under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence after a 12 month embargo period. Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permission may be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected, unless specifically stated otherwise in the figure caption of the Version of Record. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication/published in Physics in Medicine and Biology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa5e98 abstract: High intensity transcranial focused ultrasound is an FDA approved treatment for essential tremor, while low-intensity applications such as neurostimulation and opening the blood brain barrier are under active research. Simulations of transcranial ultrasound propagation are used both for focusing through the skull, and predicting intracranial fields. Maps of the skull acoustic properties are necessary for accurate simulations, and can be derived from medical images using a variety of methods. The skull maps range from segmented, homogeneous models, to fully heterogeneous models derived from medical image intensity. In the present work, the impact of uncertainties in the skull properties is examined using a model of transcranial propagation from a single element focused transducer. The impact of changes in bone layer geometry and the sound speed, density, and acoustic absorption values is quantified through a numerical sensitivity analysis. Sound speed is shown to be the most influential acoustic property, and must be defined with less than 4% error to obtain acceptable accuracy in simulated focus pressure, position, and volume. Changes in the skull thickness of as little as 0.1 mm can cause an error in peak intracranial pressure of greater than 5%, while smoothing with a 1 mm 3 kernel to imitate the effect of obtaining skull maps from low resolution images causes an increase of over 50% in peak pressure. The numerical results are confirmed experimentally through comparison with sonications made through 3D printed and resin cast skull bone phantoms. date: 2017-04-07 date_type: published official_url: http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa5e98 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1207712 doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5e98 lyricists_name: Cox, Benjamin lyricists_name: Martin, Eleanor lyricists_name: Robertson, James lyricists_name: Treeby, Bradley lyricists_id: BTCOX21 lyricists_id: EMMAR36 lyricists_id: JLBRO05 lyricists_id: BTREE66 actors_name: Treeby, Bradley actors_id: BTREE66 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Physics in Medicine and Biology volume: 62 number: 7 article_number: 2559 event_location: England issn: 1361-6560 citation: Robertson, JL; Martin, E; Cox, B; Treeby, B; (2017) Sensitivity of simulated transcranial ultrasound fields to acoustic medium property maps. Physics in Medicine and Biology , 62 (7) , Article 2559. 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5e98 <https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560%2Faa5e98>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1540853/1/Robertson_PMB.pdf