eprintid: 1538337 rev_number: 24 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/53/83/37 datestamp: 2017-01-28 22:05:50 lastmod: 2021-10-10 22:54:52 status_changed: 2017-04-11 11:17:37 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Sanfilippo, C creators_name: Nunnari, G creators_name: Calcagno, A creators_name: Malaguarnera, L creators_name: Blennow, K creators_name: Zetterberg, H creators_name: Di Rosa, M title: The chitinases expression is related to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE) and in HIV encephalitis (HIVE) ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D07 divisions: F86 keywords: Chitinases, HIV-1, HIVE, Hippocampus, SIVE note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. METHODS: We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. RESULTS: CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis. date: 2017-01-02 date_type: published official_url: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.012 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1189956 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.012 pii: S0168-1702(16)30395-1 lyricists_name: Zetterberg, Henrik lyricists_id: HZETT94 actors_name: Zetterberg, Henrik actors_name: Laslett, David actors_id: HZETT94 actors_id: DLASL34 actors_role: owner actors_role: impersonator full_text_status: public publication: Virus Research volume: 227 pagerange: 220-230 event_location: Netherlands issn: 1872-7492 citation: Sanfilippo, C; Nunnari, G; Calcagno, A; Malaguarnera, L; Blennow, K; Zetterberg, H; Di Rosa, M; (2017) The chitinases expression is related to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE) and in HIV encephalitis (HIVE). Virus Research , 227 pp. 220-230. 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.012 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.012>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1538337/1/Zetterberg_SanfilippoCHIT.pdf