?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+SES+health+gradient+on+both+sides+of+the+Atlantic&rft.creator=Banks%2C+J.&rft.creator=Marmot%2C+M.&rft.creator=Oldfield%2C+Z.&rft.creator=Smith%2C+J.P.&rft.description=Looking+across+many+diseases%2C+average+health+among+mature+men+is+much+worse+in%0D%0AAmerica+compared+to+England.+Second%2C+there+exists+a+steep+negative+health+gradient+for+men%0D%0Ain+both+countries+where+men+at+the+bottom+of+the+economic+hierarchy+are+in+much+worse%0D%0Ahealth+than+those+at+the+top.+This+health+gradient+exists+whether+education%2C+income%2C+or%0D%0Afinancial+wealth+is+used+as+the+marker+of+one%E2%80%99s+SES+status.+These+conclusions+are%0D%0Amaintained+even+after+controlling+for+a+standard+set+of+behavioral+risk+factors+such+as%0D%0Asmoking%2C+drinking%2C+and+obesity+and+are+equally+true+using+either+biological+measures+of%0D%0Adisease+or+individual+self-reports.+In+contrast+to+these+disease+based+measures%2C+health+of%0D%0AAmerican+men+appears+to+be+superior+to+the+health+of+English+men+when+self-reported%0D%0Ageneral+health+status+is+used.+The+contradiction+most+likely+stems+instead+from+different%0D%0Athresholds+used+by+Americans+and+English+when+evaluating+health+status+on+subjective%0D%0Ascales.+For+the+same+%E2%80%98objective%E2%80%99+health+status%2C+Americans+are+much+more+likely+to+say+that%0D%0Atheir+health+is+good+than+are+the+English.+Finally%2C+feedbacks+from+new+health+events+to%0D%0Ahousehold+income+are+one+of+the+reasons+that+underlie+the+strength+of+the+income+gradient%0D%0Awith+health+in+England.&rft.subject=JEL+classification%3A+I10.++Health%2C+SES%2C+labor+supply&rft.publisher=Institut+zur+Zukunft+der+Arbeit+(IZA)&rft.date=2007-01&rft.type=Working+%2F+discussion+paper&rft.language=eng&rft.source=++++(IZA+Discussion+Papers++2539).+Institut+zur+Zukunft+der+Arbeit+(IZA)%3A+Bonn%2C+Germany.+(2007)+++++&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F15321%2F1%2F15321.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F15321%2F&rft.rights=open