@inproceedings{discovery1527601,
            year = {2011},
       publisher = {Electricity Energy Storage Systems, US Department of Energy},
           title = {Techno-Economic Modelling Of A Utility-Scale Redox Flow Battery System},
            note = {This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.},
       booktitle = {Electrical Energy Storage Applications and Technologies Conference 2011, San Diego, California, US},
        keywords = {Redox flow battery, polysulphide bromine, techno-economic modelling},
        abstract = {A one-dimensional numerical model has been developed for redox flow battery (RFB) systems with bipolar
flow-by electrodes, soluble redox couples, and recirculating batch operation. Overpotential losses were estimated
from the Butler-Volmer equation, accounting for mass-transfer. The model predicted the variation in concentration
and current along the electrode and determined the charge-discharge efficiency, energy density, and power density.
The model was validated using data obtained from a pilot-scale polysulphide-bromine (PSB) system
commercialized by Regenesys Technologies (UK) Ltd. The model was able to predict cell performance, species
concentration, current distribution, and electrolyte deterioration for the Regenesys system. Based on 2006 prices, the system was predicted to make a net loss of 0.45 p kWh?1 at an optimum current density of 500 A m?2 and an
energy efficiency of 64\%. The economic viability was found to be strongly sensitive to the kinetics, capital costs,
and the electrical energy price differential.},
             url = {http://www.sandia.gov/ess/EESAT/2011\%5fpapers/Monday/09\%5fRoberts\%5fEd.pdf},
          author = {Roberts, EPL and Scamman, DP}
}