@article{discovery1527523,
           pages = {482--488},
           title = {Detection of the tau protein in human serum by a sensitive four-electrode electrochemical biosensor},
            year = {2017},
         journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
          volume = {92},
           month = {June},
            note = {Copyright {\copyright} 2016. This manuscript version is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Further details about CC BY licences are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Access may be initially restricted by the publisher.},
        keywords = {Alzheimer's disease; Biomarker; Electrochemical biosensor; Impedance; Tau},
        abstract = {This study presents a novel approach based on a four-electrode electrochemical biosensor for the detection of tau protein - one of the possible markers for the prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biosensor is based on the formation of stable antibody-antigen complexes on gold microband electrodes covered with a layer of a self-assembled monolayer and protein G. Antibodies were immobilized on the gold electrode surface in an optimal orientation by protein G interaction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze impedance change, which revealed a linear response with increasing tau concentrations. The assay is fast ({\ensuremath{<}}1 h for incubation and measurement) and very sensitive. The limit of quantification for the full-length 2N4R tau protein is 0.03 pM, a value unaltered when the assay was processed in bovine serum albumin or human serum. This technology could be adapted for the detection of other biomarkers to provide a multiple assay to identify AD progression in a point of care setting.},
            issn = {0956-5663},
          author = {Wang, SX and Acha, D and Shah, AJ and Hills, F and Roitt, I and Demosthenous, A and Bayford, RH},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.077}
}