eprintid: 1519547 rev_number: 42 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/51/95/47 datestamp: 2016-10-03 11:53:48 lastmod: 2021-09-22 22:24:24 status_changed: 2017-08-09 14:43:58 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Hanning, SM creators_name: Orlu Gul, M creators_name: Toni, I creators_name: Neubert, A creators_name: Tuleu, C title: A mini-review of non-parenteral clonidine preparations for paediatric sedation ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 divisions: D10 divisions: G08 keywords: Clonidine, formulation, paediatrics, non-parenteral, paediatric sedation note: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Hanning, SM; Orlu Gul, M; Toni, I; Neubert, A; Tuleu, C; (2016) A mini-review of non-parenteral clonidine preparations for paediatric sedation, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12662. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of non-parenteral clonidine formulations and assess the feasibility of their use for paediatric sedation. / METHODS: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases and a combination of search terms. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. Publications were grouped into different dosage forms and assessed for their potential application for sedation of children in intensive care. / KEY FINDINGS: Several routes of clonidine administration have been investigated for numerous indications in children, including perioperative sedation and analgesia. These include oral liquids, tablets, oral transmucosal systems, nasal sprays and rectal suspensions. Conflicting studies on oral transmucosal clonidine formulations suggest that further research is required to fully establish efficacy. Nasal sprays and rectal suspensions have the advantages of rapid onset of action and potential for dose flexibility, but predictable absorption is difficult to obtain. CONCLUSIONS: Provided age-appropriate strengths are available, IV formulations remain the most predictable in terms of bioavailability and flexible in terms of dose adjustment. However, as with all routes, down-titration is difficult given the long half-life of clonidine. Oral transmucosal systems, nasal sprays and rectal suspensions have potential in a less acute setting, but significant clinical work is required to elucidate a full pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. date: 2017-04 date_type: published official_url: http://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12662 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1180994 doi: 10.1111/jphp.12662 lyricists_name: Hanning, Sara lyricists_name: Orlu, Mine lyricists_name: Tuleu, Catherine lyricists_id: SHANN35 lyricists_id: MORLU15 lyricists_id: CTULE65 actors_name: Hanning, Sara actors_id: SHANN35 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology volume: 69 number: 4 pagerange: 398-405 issn: 0373-1022 citation: Hanning, SM; Orlu Gul, M; Toni, I; Neubert, A; Tuleu, C; (2017) A mini-review of non-parenteral clonidine preparations for paediatric sedation. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , 69 (4) pp. 398-405. 10.1111/jphp.12662 <https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12662>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1519547/4/Hanning_Feasibility%20of%20alternative%20clonidine%20dosage%20forms_final%20revised_clean_RPS.pdf