?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=A+Study+of+Equivalent+and+Stubborn+Mutation+Operators+using+Human+Analysis+of+Equivalence&rft.creator=Yao%2C+X&rft.creator=Harman%2C+M&rft.creator=Jia%2C+Y&rft.description=Though+mutation+testing+has+been+widely+studied+for+more+than+thirty+years%2C+the+prevalence+and+properties+of+equivalent+mutants+remain+largely+unknown.+We+report+on+the+causes+and+prevalence+of+equivalent+mutants+and+their+relationship+to+stubborn+mutants+(those+that+remain+undetected+by+a+high+quality+test+suite%2C+yet+are+non-equivalent).+Our+results%2C+based+on+manual+analysis+of+1%2C230+mutants+from+18+programs%2C+reveal+a+highly+uneven+distribution+of+equivalence+and+stubbornness.+For+example%2C+the+ABS+class+and+half+UOI+class+generate+many+equivalent+and+almost+no+stubborn+mutants%2C+while+the+LCR+class+generates+many+stubborn+and+few+equivalent+mutants.+We+conclude+that+previous+test+effectiveness+studies+based+on+fault+seeding+could+be+skewed%2C+while+developers+of+mutation+testing+tools+should+prioritise+those+operators+that+we+found+generate+disproportionately+many+stubborn+(and+few+equivalent)+mutants.&rft.subject=Mutation+Testing%2C+Equivalent+Mutant%2C+Stubborn+Mutant&rft.publisher=Association+for+Computer+Machinery+(ACM)&rft.contributor=Jalote%2C+P&rft.contributor=Briand%2C+L&rft.contributor=Van+der+Hoek%2C+A&rft.date=2014-05-31&rft.type=Proceedings+paper&rft.language=eng&rft.source=+++++In%3A+Jalote%2C+P+and+Briand%2C+L+and+Van+der+Hoek%2C+A%2C+(eds.)+ICSE+2014%3A+Proceedings+of+the+36th+International+Conference+on+Software+Engineering.++(pp.+pp.+919-930).++Association+for+Computer+Machinery+(ACM)%3A+New+York%2C+USA.+(2014)+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1508140%2F1%2Ficse14-xy.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1508140%2F&rft.rights=open