eprintid: 1506347 rev_number: 26 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/50/63/47 datestamp: 2016-07-30 21:29:27 lastmod: 2021-12-13 02:37:45 status_changed: 2016-08-09 17:38:14 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Valente, V creators_name: Demosthenous, A title: Wideband Fully-Programmable Dual-Mode CMOS Analogue Front-End for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F46 keywords: analogue readout, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), integrated circuits note: Copyright © 2016 The authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: This paper presents a multi-channel dual-mode CMOS analogue front-end (AFE) for electrochemical and bioimpedance analysis. Current-mode and voltage-mode readouts, integrated on the same chip, can provide an adaptable platform to correlate single-cell biosensor studies with large-scale tissue or organ analysis for real-time cancer detection, imaging and characterization. The chip, implemented in a 180-nm CMOS technology, combines two current-readout (CR) channels and four voltage-readout (VR) channels suitable for both bipolar and tetrapolar electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Each VR channel occupies an area of 0.48 mm 2 , is capable of an operational bandwidth of 8 MHz and a linear gain in the range between -6 dB and 42 dB. The gain of the CR channel can be set to 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ or 100 kΩ and is capable of 80-dB dynamic range, with a very linear response for input currents between 10 nA and 100 μ A. Each CR channel occupies an area of 0.21 mm 2 . The chip consumes between 530 μ A and 690 μ A per channel and operates from a 1.8-V supply. The chip was used to measure the impedance of capacitive interdigitated electrodes in saline solution. Measurements show close matching with results obtained using a commercial impedance analyser. The chip will be part of a fully flexible and configurable fully-integrated dual-mode EIS system for impedance sensors and bioimpedance analysis. date: 2016-08 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16081159 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1144870 doi: 10.3390/s16081159 pii: s16081159 lyricists_name: Demosthenous, Andreas lyricists_name: Valente, Virgilio lyricists_id: ACDEM08 lyricists_id: VVALE57 full_text_status: public publication: Sensors volume: 16 number: 8 article_number: 1159 event_location: Switzerland issn: 1424-8220 citation: Valente, V; Demosthenous, A; (2016) Wideband Fully-Programmable Dual-Mode CMOS Analogue Front-End for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. Sensors , 16 (8) , Article 1159. 10.3390/s16081159 <https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081159>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1506347/1/Valente%20and%20Demosthenous%20Wideband%20Fully-Programmable%20Dual-Mode%20CMOS%20Analogue%20Front-End%20for%20Electrical%20Impedance%20Spectroscopy%20VoR.pdf