?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+effect+of+ice+rubble+on+ice-ice+sliding&rft.creator=Scourfield%2C+S&rft.creator=Sammonds%2C+P&rft.creator=Lishman%2C+B&rft.creator=Marchenko%2C+A&rft.description=Ice+deformation+processes+in+the+Arctic+can+generate+ice+rubble.+Many+situations+arise+where%0D%0Aice+fragments+of+varying+size+separate+sea+ice+floes.+While+the+shear+forces+between+sea+ice%0D%0Afloes+in+direct+contact+with+each+other+are+controlled+by+ice-ice+friction%2C+what+is+not+known+is%0D%0Ahow+the+slip+of+the+floes+is+affected+by+the+presence+of+rubble+between+the+sliding+surfaces.%0D%0AWe+present+the+result+of+field+experiments+undertaken+on+sea+ice+in+the+Barents+Sea.+A+doubledirect-shear%0D%0Aexperiment+was+done+on+floating+sea+ice+in+the+field%2C+with+the+addition+of+rubble%0D%0Aice+between+the+sliding+surfaces.+This+was+achieved+by+pulling+a+floating+ice+block+through+a%0D%0Acut+channel+of+open+water+3m+long%2C+where+broken+ice+filled+the+gap+between+the+block+and+the%0D%0Achannel+sides.+The+displacement+of+the+block+and+the+force+needed+to+move+the+block+were%0D%0Ameasured.+The+time+that+the+block+was+held+motionless+to+allow+the+rubble+to+consolidate+was%0D%0Arecorded+-+this+ranged+from+seconds+to+several+hours.+We+found+that+the+'hold+time'+controls%0D%0Athe+maximum+force+needed+to+move+the+block.+The+relation+between+hold+time+and+force+is%0D%0Ahighly+non-linear+from+which+we+deduce+thermal+consolidation+is+the+controlling+mechanism.&rft.publisher=Port+and+Ocean+Engineering+under+Arctic+Conditions+(POAC)&rft.date=2015-06-14&rft.type=Proceedings+paper&rft.publisher=Port+and+Ocean+Engineering+under+Arctic+Conditions&rft.language=eng&rft.source=+++++In%3A++Proceedings+of+the+23rd+International+Conference+on+Port+and+Ocean+Engineering+under+Arctic+Conditions.++++Port+and+Ocean+Engineering+under+Arctic+Conditions+(POAC)%3A+Trondheim%2C+Norway.+(2015)+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1501129%2F1%2FScourfield%25202015%2520The%2520effect%2520of%2520ice%2520rubble%2520on%2520ice-ice%2520sliding.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1501129%2F&rft.rights=open