eprintid: 1494973 rev_number: 27 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/49/49/73 datestamp: 2016-05-29 10:54:35 lastmod: 2021-09-26 22:30:14 status_changed: 2017-01-09 16:36:56 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Howe, K creators_name: Schiffer, PH creators_name: Zielinski, J creators_name: Wiehe, T creators_name: Laird, GK creators_name: Marioni, JC creators_name: Soylemez, O creators_name: Kondrashov, F creators_name: Leptin, M title: Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B16 divisions: B14 divisions: J79 note: © 2016 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. abstract: Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved a range of mechanisms for immune recognition. A widespread family involved in innate immunity are the NACHT-domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing (NLR) proteins. Mammals have small numbers of NLR proteins, whereas in some species, mostly those without adaptive immune systems, NLRs have expanded into very large families. We describe a family of nearly 400 NLR proteins encoded in the zebrafish genome. The proteins share a defining overall structure, which arose in fishes after a fusion of the core NLR domains with a B30.2 domain, but can be subdivided into four groups based on their NACHT domains. Gene conversion acting differentially on the NACHT and B30.2 domains has shaped the family and created the groups. Evidence of positive selection in the B30.2 domain indicates that this domain rather than the leucine-rich repeats acts as the pathogen recognition module. In an unusual chromosomal organization, the majority of the genes are located on one chromosome arm, interspersed with other large multigene families, including a new family encoding zinc-finger proteins. The NLR-B30.2 proteins represent a new family with diversity in the specific recognition module that is present in fishes in spite of the parallel existence of an adaptive immune system. date: 2016-04 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1129919 doi: 10.1098/rsob.160009 lyricists_name: Schiffer, Philipp lyricists_id: PSCHI65 actors_name: Bracey, Alan actors_id: ABBRA90 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Open Biology volume: 6 number: 4 article_number: 160009 issn: 2046-2441 citation: Howe, K; Schiffer, PH; Zielinski, J; Wiehe, T; Laird, GK; Marioni, JC; Soylemez, O; ... Leptin, M; + view all <#> Howe, K; Schiffer, PH; Zielinski, J; Wiehe, T; Laird, GK; Marioni, JC; Soylemez, O; Kondrashov, F; Leptin, M; - view fewer <#> (2016) Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology , 6 (4) , Article 160009. 10.1098/rsob.160009 <https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1494973/1/160009.full.pdf