%0 Journal Article
%@ 0903-1936
%A Getahun, H
%A Matteelli, A
%A Abubakar, I
%A Aziz, MA
%A Baddeley, A
%A Barreira, D
%A Den Boon, S
%A Borroto Gutierrez, SM
%A Bruchfeld, J
%A Burhan, E
%A Cavalcante, S
%A Cedillos, R
%A Chaisson, R
%A Chee, CB-E
%A Chesire, L
%A Corbett, E
%A Dara, M
%A Denholm, J
%A de Vries, G
%A Falzon, D
%A Ford, N
%A Gale-Rowe, M
%A Gilpin, C
%A Girardi, E
%A Go, U-Y
%A Govindasamy, D
%A Grant, AD
%A Grzemska, M
%A Harris, R
%A Horsburgh, CR
%A Ismayilov, A
%A Jaramillo, E
%A Kik, S
%A Kranzer, K
%A Lienhardt, C
%A LoBue, P
%A Loennroth, K
%A Marks, G
%A Menzies, D
%A Migliori, GB
%A Mosca, D
%A Mukadi, YD
%A Mwinga, A
%A Nelson, L
%A Nishikiori, N
%A Oordt-Speets, A
%A Rangaka, MX
%A Reis, A
%A Rotz, L
%A Sandgren, A
%A Schepisi, MS
%A Schuenemann, HJ
%A Sharma, SK
%A Sotgiu, G
%A Stagg, HR
%A Sterling, TR
%A Tayeb, T
%A Uplekar, M
%A van der Werf, MJ
%A Vandevelde, W
%A van Kessel, F
%A van't Hoog, A
%A Varma, JK
%A Vezhnina, N
%A Voniatis, C
%A Noordegraaf-Schouten, MV
%A Weil, D
%A Weyer, K
%A Wilkinson, RJ
%A Yoshiyama, T
%A Zellweger, JP
%A Raviglione, M
%D 2015
%F discovery:1479100
%I EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD
%J European Respiratory Journal
%K Science & technology, life sciences & biomedicine, respiratory system, cost-effectiveness analysis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, randomized controlled-trial, preventive therapy, close contacts, public-health, follow-up, homeless adults, United-States, drug-users.
%N 6
%P 1563-1576
%T Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries
%U https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1479100/
%V 46
%X Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses  to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis  (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health  approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper  income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic  testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases,  patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for  organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers,  immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and  treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability.  Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to  test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease.  Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus  isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.
%Z The content of this work is copyright of the authors or their employers. Design and branding are copyright ©ERS 2015. ERJ Open articles are open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0