TY - JOUR JF - Evaluation A1 - Green, J A1 - Roberts, H A1 - Petticrew, M A1 - Steinbach, R A1 - Goodman, A A1 - Jones, A A1 - Edwards, P SN - 1356-3890 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356389015605205 N1 - Copyright © The Author(s) 2015. Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav IS - 4 VL - 21 SP - 391 KW - analytic induction; natural experiment; policy evaluation; public health; public transport ID - discovery1478722 N2 - Evaluations of ?natural experiments? in public policy are typically considered ?weak? evidence. Challenges include: making credible claims for causal inference (internal validity); generalizing beyond the case (external validity); and providing useful evidence for decision makers. In public health, where experimental evidence is encouraged by funders and enjoys a degree of rhetorical favour, in theory if not practice, current guidance for evaluating natural experiments focuses largely on methods for strengthening internal validity. Using a case study of the evaluation of free bus travel for young people in London, UK, we demonstrate a pragmatic approach to strengthening both internal and external validity in evaluations through integrating the logic of quasi-experimental methods with inductive qualitative analysis. Combining theoretical and inductive analysis in this way to address questions of policy interest through evaluations of natural experiments may be fruitful, and have methodological advantages over randomized designs. PB - SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC TI - Integrating quasi-experimental and inductive designs in evaluation: A case study of the impact of free bus travel on public health EP - 406 AV - public Y1 - 2015/10// ER -