eprintid: 1475416 rev_number: 36 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/47/54/16 datestamp: 2016-02-25 16:43:27 lastmod: 2021-12-13 02:32:56 status_changed: 2016-02-25 16:43:27 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Mc Grath-Lone, L creators_name: Dearden, L creators_name: Nasim, B creators_name: Harron, K creators_name: Gilbert, R title: Changes in first entry to out-of-home care from 1992 to 2012 among children in England ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B16 divisions: B14 divisions: J81 divisions: B02 divisions: DD4 divisions: D13 divisions: G25 keywords: Foster care, Looked after children, Out-of-home care note: © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Placement in out-of-home care (OHC) indicates serious childhood adversity and is associated with multiple adverse outcomes. Each year 0.5% of children in England live in OHC but evidence is lacking on the cumulative proportion who enter during childhood and how this varies over time. We measured the proportion of children born between 1992 and 2011 who entered OHC, including variation in rates of entry over time, and explored the determinants of these changes using decomposition methods. We also described changes in placement type, duration and stability. By age 18, 3.3% of children born 1992-94 entered OHC. This proportion varied by ethnicity (1.6% of White vs. 4.5% of Black children born 2001-03 entered OHC by age 9, 95% CI [1.5-1.7] and [4.4-4.6], p<0.001) and increased over time (0.8% of children born 2009-11 entered OHC by age 1 vs. 0.5% born 1992-94, 95% CI [0.7-0.9] and [0.4-0.6], p<0.001). This overall increase was driven primarily by the increased rate of entry among White children and not by concurrent changes in the population's ethnic composition. The proportion of children entering OHC in England is increasing and characteristics of the care they receive are changing with earlier intervention and longer, more stable placements. Further research is required to understand the reasons for these changes in practice and whether they are cost-effective, sustainable, and improve outcomes for children and society. date: 2016-01-04 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.020 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1090876 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.020 pii: S0145-2134(15)00378-6 language_elements: eng lyricists_name: Dearden, Lorraine lyricists_name: Gilbert, Ruth lyricists_name: Harron, Katie lyricists_name: Mc Grath-Lone, Louise lyricists_name: Nasim, Bilal lyricists_id: LMDEA95 lyricists_id: RGILB52 lyricists_id: KLHAR48 lyricists_id: LLMCG97 lyricists_id: BNASI63 actors_name: Barczynska, Patrycja actors_id: PBARC91 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Child Abuse & Neglect volume: 51 pagerange: 163-171 event_location: England issn: 1873-7757 citation: Mc Grath-Lone, L; Dearden, L; Nasim, B; Harron, K; Gilbert, R; (2016) Changes in first entry to out-of-home care from 1992 to 2012 among children in England. Child Abuse & Neglect , 51 pp. 163-171. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.020 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.020>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1475416/1/1-s2.0-S0145213415003786-main.pdf