%D 2014
%A . LBNE Collaboration
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%A Y-T Tsai
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%A B Yu
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%A T Yuan
%A A Zani
%A GP Zeller
%A C Zhang
%A C Zhang
%A ED Zimmerman
%A R Zwaska
%T The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
%O Reference no: BNL-101354-2014-JA / FERMILAB-PUB-14-022 / LA-UR-14-20881. - This is the published version of record. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
%X The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the
supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons
eventually decay — these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are
key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate.
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for
a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions.
Experiments carried out over the past half century have revealed that neutrinos are found in
three states, or flavors, and can transform from one flavor into another. These results indicate
that each neutrino flavor state is a mixture of three different nonzero mass states, and to date
offer the most compelling evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. In a single experiment,
LBNE will enable a broad exploration of the three-flavor model of neutrino physics with
unprecedented detail. Chief among its potential discoveries is that of matter-antimatter asymmetries
(through the mechanism of charge-parity violation) in neutrino flavor mixing—a step
toward unraveling the mystery of matter generation in the early Universe. Independently, determination
of the unknown neutrino mass ordering and precise measurement of neutrino mixing
parameters by LBNE may reveal new fundamental symmetries of Nature.
Grand Unified Theories, which attempt to describe the unification of the known forces,
predict rates for proton decay that cover a range directly accessible with the next generation
of large underground detectors such as LBNE’s. The experiment’s sensitivity to key proton
decay channels will offer unique opportunities for the ground-breaking discovery of this phenomenon.
Neutrinos emitted in the first few seconds of a core-collapse supernova carry with them the
potential for great insight into the evolution of the Universe. LBNE’s capability to collect and
analyze this high-statistics neutrino signal from a supernova within our galaxy would provide
a rare opportunity to peer inside a newly-formed neutron star and potentially witness the birth
of a black hole.
To achieve its goals, LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, highintensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a fine-grained near neutrino detector installed just downstream of
the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector
deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at
the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is �1,300 km from the neutrino
source at Fermilab — a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective
design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and
contributions.
With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field
of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from institutions around the globe with
opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science.
%C USA
%L discovery1475256
%I Fermilab / U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science