@article{discovery1474460,
          volume = {18},
          number = {8},
           month = {August},
            note = {Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.},
           title = {Quantitative single shot and spatially resolved plasma wakefield diagnostics},
            year = {2015},
         journal = {Physical Review},
            issn = {1098-4402},
          author = {Kasim, MF and Holloway, J and Ceurvorst, L and Levy, MC and Ratan, N and Sadler, J and Bingham, R and Burrows, PN and Trines, R and Wing, M and Norreys, P},
        abstract = {Diagnosing plasma conditions can give great advantages in optimizing plasma wakefield accelerator
experiments. One possible method is that of photon acceleration. By propagating a laser probe pulse
through a plasma wakefield and extracting the imposed frequency modulation, one can obtain an image of
the density modulation of the wakefield. In order to diagnose the wakefield parameters at a chosen point in
the plasma, the probe pulse crosses the plasma at oblique angles relative to the wakefield. In this paper,
mathematical expressions relating the frequency modulation of the laser pulse and the wakefield density
profile of the plasma for oblique crossing angles are derived. Multidimensional particle-in-cell simulation
results presented in this paper confirm that the frequency modulation profiles and the density modulation
profiles agree to within 10\%. Limitations to the accuracy of the measurement are discussed in this paper.
This technique opens new possibilities to quantitatively diagnose the plasma wakefield density at known
positions within the plasma column.},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.081302}
}