eprintid: 1473726 rev_number: 32 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/47/37/26 datestamp: 2016-01-07 17:16:21 lastmod: 2021-10-04 01:44:12 status_changed: 2016-01-08 16:55:36 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Petrova, D creators_name: Henning, GB creators_name: Stockman, A title: The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of L- and M-cone pathways that signal brightness ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D08 keywords: brightness, color vision, flicker sensitivity, luminance, nonlinearity, saturation, temporal processing, Adult, Color Vision, Contrast Sensitivity, Female, Flicker Fusion, Humans, Light, Male, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Sensory Thresholds, Visual Pathways note: Copyright © 2013 ARVO. abstract: Flickering 560-nm light appears brighter and less saturated than steady light of the same average intensity. The changes in appearance are consistent with the visual signal's being distorted at some nonlinear site (or sites) within the visual pathway at which new temporal components, not part of the original waveform, are produced. By varying the input stimulus to manipulate these new temporal components--called distortion products--and measuring our observers' sensitivity in detecting them, we derived the temporal attenuation characteristics of the early (prenonlinearity) and late (post-nonlinearity) stages of the L- and M-cone pathway that signals brightness. We found that the early stage acts like a band-pass filter peaking at 10-15 Hz with sensitivity losses at both lower and higher frequencies, whereas the late stage acts like a two-stage low-pass filter with a corner frequency near 3 Hz. Although brightness is often associated with the fast achromatic or luminance pathway, these filter characteristics, and particularly those of the late filter, are consistent with comparable features of the L-M chromatic pathway that produce mainly chromatic distortion products (Petrova, Henning, & Stockman, 2013). A plausible site for the nonlinearity is after surround antagonism from horizontal cells. Modeling suggested the form of the nonlinearity to be initially expansive but possibly with a hard limit at the highest input levels. date: 2013-06 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.7.15 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 879923 doi: 10.1167/13.7.15 pii: 13.7.15 lyricists_name: PETROVA, DANIELA lyricists_name: Stockman, Andrew lyricists_id: DPETR08 lyricists_id: ASTOC88 actors_name: Stockman, Andrew actors_name: Allington-Smith, Dominic actors_id: ASTOC88 actors_id: DAALL44 actors_role: owner actors_role: impersonator full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Vision volume: 13 number: 7 article_number: 15 event_location: United States issn: 1534-7362 citation: Petrova, D; Henning, GB; Stockman, A; (2013) The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of L- and M-cone pathways that signal brightness. Journal of Vision , 13 (7) , Article 15. 10.1167/13.7.15 <https://doi.org/10.1167/13.7.15>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1473726/1/Stockman_LM%20brightness%20in%20press.pdf document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1473726/2/Stockman_LM%20Brightness%20figures%201-10.pdf