eprintid: 1473562
rev_number: 10
eprint_status: archive
userid: 638
dir: disk0/01/47/35/62
datestamp: 2016-01-07 14:04:40
lastmod: 2016-01-07 14:04:40
status_changed: 2016-01-07 14:04:40
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Jauniaux, E
creators_name: Poston, L
creators_name: Burton, G. J.
title: Placental-related diseases of pregnancy: involvement of
oxidative stress and implications in human evolution
ispublished: pub
subjects: RFH
keywords: fetus; miscarriage; oxygen; placenta; pre-eclampsia
note: The published manuscript is available at Human Reproduction Update Journal via http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/6/747.long
abstract: Miscarriage and pre-eclampsia are the most common disorders of human pregnancy. Both are placental-related and exceptional in other mammalian species. Ultrasound imaging has enabled events during early pregnancy to be visualized in vivo for the first time. As a result, a new Understanding of the early materno–fetal relationship has emerged and, with it, new insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders. Unifying the two is the concept of placental oxidative stress,with associated necrosis and apoptosis of the trophoblastic epithelium of the placental villous tree.
In normal pregnancies, the earliest stages of development take place in a low oxygen (O2)environment. This physiological hypoxia of the early gestational sac protects the developing fetus against the deleterious and teratogenic effects of O2 free radicals (OFRs). In miscarriage,development of the placento–decidual interface is severely impaired leading to early and widespread onset of maternal blood flow and major oxidative degeneration. This mechanism is common to all miscarriages, with the time at which it occurs in the first trimester depending on the
aetiology. In contrast, in pre-eclampsia the trophoblastic invasion is sufficient to allow early pregnancy phases of placentation but too shallow for complete transformation of the arterial utero–placental circulation, predisposing to a repetitive ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) phenomenon.
We suggest that pre-eclampsia is a three-stage disorder with the primary pathology being an excessive or atypical maternal immune response. This would impair the placentation process leading to chronic oxidative stress in the placenta and finally to diffuse maternal endothelial cell dysfunction.
date: 2006-05-08
id_number: PMCID:1876942
official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml016
oa_status: green
full_text_type: other
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml016
full_text_status: public
publication: Human Reproduction Update
volume: 12
number: 6
pagerange: 747-755
issn: 1355-4786
citation:        Jauniaux, E;    Poston, L;    Burton, G. J.;      (2006)    Placental-related diseases of pregnancy: involvement of oxidative stress and implications in human evolution.                   Human Reproduction Update , 12  (6)   pp. 747-755.    10.1093/humupd/dml016 <https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd%2Fdml016>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1473562/1/nihms-577.pdf