eprintid: 1472255 rev_number: 22 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/47/22/55 datestamp: 2015-11-06 11:35:20 lastmod: 2021-10-04 01:45:48 status_changed: 2015-11-06 11:35:20 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Kukwikila, M creators_name: Howorka, S title: Nanopore-Based Electrical and Label-Free Sensing of Enzyme Activity in Blood Serum ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F56 note: © 2015 American Chemical Society. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. abstract: A generic strategy to expand the analytical scope of electrical nanopore sensing is presented. We specifically and electrically detect the activity of a diagnostically relevant hydrolytic enzyme and remove the analytically harmful interference from the biochemically complex sample matrix of blood serum. Our strategy is demonstrated at the example of the renin protease which is involved in regulation of blood pressure. The analysis scheme exploits a new approach to reduce sample complexity while generating a specific read-out signal. Within a single spin-column (i), the protease cleaves a resin-tethered peptide substrate (ii) which is affinity-purified using the same multifunctional resin to remove interfering blood serum components, followed by (iii) detecting the peptide via electrical nanopore recordings. Our approach is beneficial in several ways. First, by eliminating serum components, we overcome limitations of nanopore sensing when challenging samples lead to membrane instability and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Second, the label-free sensing avoids drawbacks of currently used radiolabel-immunoassays for renin. Finally, the strategy of simultaneous generation and purification of a signal peptide within a multifunctional resin can very likely be expanded to other hydrolytic enzymes dissolved in any analyte matrix and exploited for analytical read-out methods other than nanopore sensing. date: 2015-09-15 date_type: published official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01764 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1051059 doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01764 language_elements: eng lyricists_name: Howorka, Stefan lyricists_id: SHOWO39 actors_name: Howorka, Stefan actors_name: Poirier, Elizabeth actors_id: SHOWO39 actors_id: EPPOI23 actors_role: owner actors_role: impersonator full_text_status: public publication: Anal Chem volume: 87 number: 18 pagerange: 9149-9154 event_location: United States issn: 1520-6882 citation: Kukwikila, M; Howorka, S; (2015) Nanopore-Based Electrical and Label-Free Sensing of Enzyme Activity in Blood Serum. Anal Chem , 87 (18) pp. 9149-9154. 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01764 <https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01764>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1472255/1/acs.analchem.5b01764.pdf