eprintid: 1460140 rev_number: 30 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/46/01/40 datestamp: 2015-01-06 20:07:20 lastmod: 2020-04-13 03:58:30 status_changed: 2016-04-15 14:19:06 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Van De Kamp, M creators_name: Pokhotelov, D creators_name: Kauristie, K title: TID characterised using joint effort of incoherent scatter radar and GPS ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: A01 divisions: B04 divisions: C06 note: Copyright © Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). abstract: Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs), which are caused by Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs), are detected and characterised by a joint analysis of the results of two measurement techniques: incoherent scatter radar and multiple-receiver GPS measurements. Both techniques to measure TIDs are already well known, but are developed further in this study, and the strengths of the two are combined, in order to obtain semi-automatic tools for objective TID detection. The incoherent scatter radar provides a good vertical range and resolution and the GPS measurements provide a good horizontal range and resolution, while both have a good temporal resolution. Using the combination of the methods, the following parameters of the TID can be determined: the time of day when the TID occurs at one location, the period length (or frequency), the vertical phase velocity, the amplitude spectral density, the vertical wavelength, the azimuth angle of horizontal orientation, the horizontal wavelength, and the horizontal phase velocity. This technique will allow a systematic characterisation of AGW-TIDs, which can be useful, among other things, for statistical analyses. The presented technique is demonstrated on data of 20 January 2010 using data from the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar in Tromsø and from the SWEPOS GPS network in Sweden. On this day around 07:00–12:00 UT, a medium-scale TID was observed from both data sets simultaneously. The TID had a period length of around 2 h, and its wave propagated southeastward with a horizontal phase velocity of about 67 m s−1 and a wavelength of about 500 km. The TID had its maximum amplitude in Tromsø at 10:00 UT. The period length detected from the GPS results was twice the main period length detected from the radar, indicating a different harmonic of the same wave. The horizontal wavelength and phase velocity are also estimated from the radar results using Hines' theory, using the WKB approximation to account for inhomogeneity of the atmosphere. The results of this estimate are higher than those detected from the GPS data. The most likely explanation for this is that Hines' theory overestimated the values, because the atmosphere was too inhomogeneous even for the WKB approximation to be valid. date: 2014-12-17 official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1511-2014 vfaculties: VMPS oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Journal Article verified: verified_manual elements_source: Scopus elements_id: 1001569 doi: 10.5194/angeo-32-1511-2014 lyricists_name: Pokhotelov, Dimitry lyricists_id: DPOKH93 full_text_status: public publication: Annales Geophysicae volume: 32 number: 12 pagerange: 1511-1532 issn: 1432-0576 citation: Van De Kamp, M; Pokhotelov, D; Kauristie, K; (2014) TID characterised using joint effort of incoherent scatter radar and GPS. Annales Geophysicae , 32 (12) pp. 1511-1532. 10.5194/angeo-32-1511-2014 <https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1511-2014>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1460140/1/TID%20characterised%20using%20joint%20effort%20of%20incoherent%20scatter%20radar%20and%20GPS.pdf