<> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Article> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "HACK: Hierarchical ACKs for Efficient Wireless Medium Utilization"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "WiFi’s physical layer has increased in speed from\r\n802.11b’s 11 Mbps to the Gbps rates of emerging\r\n802.11ac. Despite these gains, WiFi’s inefficient MAC\r\nlayer limits achievable end-to-end throughput. The culprit\r\nis 802.11’s mandatory idle period before each medium\r\nacquisition, which has come to dwarf the duration of a\r\npacket’s transmission. This overhead is especially punishing\r\nfor TCP traffic, whose every two data packets elicit\r\na short TCP ACK. Even frame aggregation and block\r\nlink-layer ACKs (introduced in 802.11n) leave signifi-\r\ncant medium acquisition overhead for TCP ACKs. In\r\nthis paper, we propose TCP/HACK (Hierarchical ACKnowledgment),\r\na system that applies cross-layer optimization\r\nto TCP traffic on WiFi networks by carrying\r\nTCP ACKs within WiFi’s link-layer acknowledgments.\r\nBy eliminating all medium acquisitions for TCP ACKs\r\nin unidirectional TCP flows, TCP/HACK significantly\r\nimproves medium utilization, and thus significantly increases\r\nachievable capacity for TCP workloads. Our measurements\r\nof a real-time, line-speed implementation for\r\n802.11a on the SoRa software-defined radio platform and\r\nsimulations of 802.11n networks at scale demonstrate that\r\nTCP/HACK significantly improves TCP throughput on\r\nWiFi networks."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/date> "2014" . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/654801> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Document> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-98db60bed158ad2c031647d97ea7d7ee> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-98db60bed158ad2c031647d97ea7d7ee> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "USENIX Association"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-98db60bed158ad2c031647d97ea7d7ee> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/publication/ext-6832a224ce161f500d7aa8263f81d7d4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Collection> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/publication/ext-6832a224ce161f500d7aa8263f81d7d4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "USENIX Annual Technical Conference"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/publication/ext-6832a224ce161f500d7aa8263f81d7d4> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/published> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-b03a3639423e5297ea03b587760e8032> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_1> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-b03a3639423e5297ea03b587760e8032> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ec6219a8e3fcd4f5d8be4ea5bc006414> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_2> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ec6219a8e3fcd4f5d8be4ea5bc006414> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f1ec8ad8379ff8c670adfce4e017314d> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_3> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f1ec8ad8379ff8c670adfce4e017314d> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-7b47eb465bc97538cdb7aedae2dd8a40> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_4> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-7b47eb465bc97538cdb7aedae2dd8a40> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f8454cbb83823c4f5f12c18e87f675ab> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_5> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f8454cbb83823c4f5f12c18e87f675ab> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/EDT> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-091b2ab36dd92d26471886b7f8b28267> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/editorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#editors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#editors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_1> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-091b2ab36dd92d26471886b7f8b28267> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/EDT> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-43e14824550e89195e0f44de923b646e> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/editorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#editors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481#editors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_2> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-43e14824550e89195e0f44de923b646e> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-7b47eb465bc97538cdb7aedae2dd8a40> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-7b47eb465bc97538cdb7aedae2dd8a40> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "K"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-7b47eb465bc97538cdb7aedae2dd8a40> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Jamieson"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-7b47eb465bc97538cdb7aedae2dd8a40> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "K Jamieson"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ec6219a8e3fcd4f5d8be4ea5bc006414> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ec6219a8e3fcd4f5d8be4ea5bc006414> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "A"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ec6219a8e3fcd4f5d8be4ea5bc006414> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Zhushi"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ec6219a8e3fcd4f5d8be4ea5bc006414> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "A Zhushi"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-b03a3639423e5297ea03b587760e8032> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-b03a3639423e5297ea03b587760e8032> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "L"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-b03a3639423e5297ea03b587760e8032> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Salameh"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-b03a3639423e5297ea03b587760e8032> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "L Salameh"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-091b2ab36dd92d26471886b7f8b28267> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-091b2ab36dd92d26471886b7f8b28267> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "G"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-091b2ab36dd92d26471886b7f8b28267> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Gibson"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-091b2ab36dd92d26471886b7f8b28267> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "G Gibson"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f1ec8ad8379ff8c670adfce4e017314d> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f1ec8ad8379ff8c670adfce4e017314d> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "M"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f1ec8ad8379ff8c670adfce4e017314d> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Handley"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f1ec8ad8379ff8c670adfce4e017314d> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "M Handley"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f8454cbb83823c4f5f12c18e87f675ab> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f8454cbb83823c4f5f12c18e87f675ab> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "B"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f8454cbb83823c4f5f12c18e87f675ab> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Karp"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f8454cbb83823c4f5f12c18e87f675ab> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "B Karp"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-43e14824550e89195e0f44de923b646e> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-43e14824550e89195e0f44de923b646e> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "N"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-43e14824550e89195e0f44de923b646e> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Zeldovich"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-43e14824550e89195e0f44de923b646e> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "N Zeldovich"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Article> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/presentedAt> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/event/ext-ffc25e11c9816bbf76a1f314de6485f4> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/event/ext-ffc25e11c9816bbf76a1f314de6485f4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Conference> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/event/ext-ffc25e11c9816bbf76a1f314de6485f4> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "USENIX ATC ’14, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 19-20 June 2014, Philadelphia, USA"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/EPrint> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/ProceedingsSectionEPrint> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/repository> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/654801> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/654801> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/654801> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "HACK: Hierarchical ACKs for Efficient Wireless Medium Utilization (Text)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/hasVersion> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/654801> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1452481> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasPublished> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/654801> . 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