eprintid: 14516 rev_number: 33 eprint_status: archive userid: 600 dir: disk0/00/01/45/16 datestamp: 2009-07-29 15:09:25 lastmod: 2015-07-23 09:36:19 status_changed: 2009-07-29 15:09:25 type: working_paper metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Benaim, M. creators_name: Hofbauer, J. creators_name: Hopkins, E. creators_id: creators_id: JHOFB46 creators_id: title: Learning in games with unstable equilibria ispublished: pub subjects: 13200 subjects: 10700 divisions: F59 keywords: JEL classification: C72, C73, D83. Games, learning, best response dynamics, stochastic fictitious play, mixed strategy equilibria, TASP abstract: We propose a new concept for the analysis of games, the TASP, which gives a precise prediction about non-equilibrium play in games whose Nash equilibria are mixed and are unstable under fictitious play-like learning processes. We show that, when players learn using weighted stochastic fictitious play and so place greater weight on more recent experience, the time average of play often converges in these “unstable” games, even while mixed strategies and beliefs continue to cycle. This time average, the TASP, is related to the best response cycle first identified by Shapley (1964). Though conceptually distinct from Nash equilibrium, for many games the TASP is close enough to Nash to create the appearance of convergence to equilibrium. We discuss how these theoretical results may help to explain data from recent experimental studies of price dispersion. date: 2006-06 publisher: ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution official_url: http://else.econ.ucl.ac.uk/newweb/papers.php#2006 vfaculties: VMPS oa_status: green language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green lyricists_name: Hofbauer, J lyricists_id: JHOFB46 full_text_status: public series: ELSE Working Papers number: 213 place_of_pub: London, UK citation: Benaim, M.; Hofbauer, J.; Hopkins, E.; (2006) Learning in games with unstable equilibria. (ELSE Working Papers 213). ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution: London, UK. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/14516/1/14516.pdf