@article{discovery1447964,
           title = {Observation and applications of single-electron charge signals in the XENON100 experiment},
            year = {2014},
           month = {February},
            note = {This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.},
          volume = {41},
         journal = {Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics},
          number = {3},
        abstract = {The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon in a time projection chamber (TPC) to measure xenon nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). In this paper, we report the observation of single-electron charge signals which are not related to WIMP interactions. These signals, which show the excellent sensitivity of the detector to small charge signals, are explained as being due to the photoionization of impurities in the liquid xenon and of the metal components inside the TPC. They are used as a unique calibration source to characterize the detector. We explain how we can infer crucial parameters for the XENON100 experiment: the secondary-scintillation gain, the extraction yield from the liquid to the gas phase and the electron drift velocity.},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/41/3/035201},
          author = {Aprile, E and Alfonsi, M and Arisaka, K and Arneodo, F and Balan, C and Baudis, L and Bauermeister, B and Behrens, A and Beltrame, P and Bokeloh, K and Brown, A and Brown, E and Bruenner, S and Bruno, G and Budnik, R and Cardoso, JMR and Chen, W-T and Choi, B and Colijn, AP and Contreras, H and Cussonneau, JP and Decowski, MP and Duchovni, E and Fattori, S and Ferella, AD and Fulgione, W and Gao, F and Garbini, M and Ghag, C and Giboni, K-L and Goetzke, LW and Grignon, C and Gross, E and Hampel, W and Itay, R and Kaether, F and Kessler, G and Kish, A and Lamblin, J and Landsman, H and Lang, RF and Calloch, ML and Levy, C and Lim, KE and Lin, Q and Lindemann, S and Lindner, M and Lopes, JAM and Lung, K and Undagoitia, TM and Massoli, FV and Fernandez, AJM and Meng, Y and Messina, M and Molinario, A and Naganoma, J and Ni, K and Oberlack, U and Orrigo, SEA and Pantic, E and Persiani, R and Piastra, F and Plante, G and Priel, N and Rizzo, A and Rosendahl, S and Santos, JMFD and Sartorelli, G and Schreiner, J and Schumann, M and Lavina, LS and Selvi, M and Shagin, P and Simgen, H and Teymourian, A and Thers, D and Vitells, O and Wang, H and Weber, M and Weinheimer, C}
}