@article{discovery1443934,
           title = {Three Different Cone Opsin Gene Array Mutational Mechanisms; Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Functional Investigation of Cone Opsin Variants.},
            year = {2014},
         journal = {Hum Mutat},
          number = {11},
           month = {October},
           pages = {1354--1362},
          volume = {35},
            note = {{\copyright} 2014 The Authors. 
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.},
        keywords = {Blue Cone Monochromacy, Cone Dystrophy, OPN1LW, OPN1MW, Opsin, Splicing},
        abstract = {Mutations in the OPN1LW (L-) and OPN1MW (M-) cone opsin genes underlie a spectrum of cone photoreceptor defects from stationary loss of colour vision to progressive retinal degeneration. Genotypes of 22 families with a range of cone disorders were grouped into three classes: deletions of the Locus Control Region (LCR); missense mutation (p.Cys203Arg) in an L-/M- hybrid gene; and exon 3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interchange haplotypes in an otherwise normal gene array. Moderate to high myopia was observed in all mutation categories. Individuals with LCR deletions or p.Cys203Arg mutations were more likely to have nystagmus and poor vision, with disease progression in some p.Cys203Arg patients. Three disease-associated exon 3 SNP haplotypes encoding LIAVA, LVAVA or MIAVA, were identified in our cohort. These patients were less likely to have nystagmus but more likely to show progression, with all patients over the age of 40 having marked macular abnormalities. Previously, the haplotype LIAVA has been shown to result in exon 3 skipping. Here we show that haplotypes LVAVA and MIAVA also result in aberrant splicing, with a residual low level of correctly spliced cone opsin. The OPN1LW/OPN1MW:c.532A{\ensuremath{>}}G SNP, common to all three disease-associated haplotypes, appears to be principally responsible for this mutational mechanism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
          author = {Gardner, JC and Liew, G and Quan, YH and Ermetal, B and Ueyama, H and Davidson, AE and Schwarz, N and Kanuga, N and Chana, R and Maher, ER and Webster, AR and Holder, GE and Robson, AG and Cheetham, ME and Liebelt, J and Ruddle, JB and Moore, AT and Michaelides, M and Hardcastle, AJ},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.22679}
}