TY  - JOUR
N2  - The flush toilet is an illogical form of sanitation from the point of view of water conservation, nutrient recovery and water pollution. Places such as London, with one of the oldest flushing toilet and sewer systems in the world, bears witness to the limits of its universal applicability through dwindling freshwater resources and polluted waterways. It is therefore important to develop new forms of sanitation infrastructure. An actor?network theory coevolution framework is used to explore and gain insights into the coevolution pathways for new types and paradigms of sanitation in London, where waterborne sanitation is currently prevalent. This approach shows that while flushing toilets are currently stable network configurations, there are coevolution pathways that would shift the system towards dry sanitation. The quantity of freshwater resources available for toilet flushing was the main actant cited for the development of these coevolution pathways.
EP  -  15
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.847409
ID  - discovery1411607
TI  - Bypassing the flush, creating new resources: analysing alternative sanitation futures in London
Y1  - 2013/10/25/
AV  - public
KW  - actor?network theory
KW  -  coevolution
KW  -  sanitation
KW  -  flush toilet
KW  -  sustainability
KW  -  urban design
JF  - Local Environment: the international journal of justice and sustainability
PB  - Taylor and Francis
A1  - Teh, T
N1  - © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.
SP  - 1 
ER  -