eprintid: 1395899 rev_number: 69 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/39/58/99 datestamp: 2013-06-11 09:56:58 lastmod: 2021-09-19 23:42:11 status_changed: 2015-11-30 10:19:43 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Weisskopf, AR title: Archaeobotanical implications of phytolith assemblages from cultivated rice systems, wild rice stands and macro-regional patterns ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B03 divisions: C03 divisions: F31 divisions: K74 keywords: Plant opals, Oryza sativa, cultivation systems, Neolithic, India, China note: Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Under a Creative Commons license abstract: Rice can be cultivated in a range of arable systems, including upland rainfed, lowland rainfed or irrigated, flooded or décrue, and deep water cultivation. These agricultural regimes represent ecosystems controlled to large degree by agricultural practices, and can be shown to produce different weed flora assemblages. In order to reconstruct early rice cultivation systems it is necessary to better establish how ancient rice farming practices may be seen using archaeobotanical data. This paper focuses on using modern analogue phytolith assemblages of associated crop weeds found within cultivation regimes, as well as in wild rice stands (unplanted stands of Oryza nivara or O. rufipogon), as a means of interpreting archaeobotanical assemblages. Rice weeds and sediment samples have been recorded and collected from a range of arable systems and wild stands in India. The husks, leaves and culms of associated weeds were processed for phytolith reference samples, and sediment samples were processed for phytoliths in order to establish patterns identifiable to specific systems. The preliminary results of the phytolith analysis of samples from these modern fields demonstrate that phytolith assemblage statistics show correlation with variation in rice cultivation systems on the basis of differences in environmental conditions and regimes, with wetness being one major factor. Analysis of phytoliths from archaeological samples from contrasting systems in Neolithic China and India demonstrate how this method can be applied to separate archaeological regions and periods based on inferred differences in past agricultural practices, identifying wet cultivation systems in China, dry millet-dominated agriculture of north China and rainfed/dry rice in Neolithic India. date: 2013-10-01 official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.026 vfaculties: VSHS oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Article verified: verified_manual elements_source: Manually entered elements_id: 871259 doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.026 lyricists_name: Fuller, Dorian lyricists_name: Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor Jo lyricists_name: Weisskopf, Alison lyricists_id: DFULL78 lyricists_id: EKING43 lyricists_id: ARWEI93 full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Archaeological Science volume: 51 pagerange: 43-53 citation: Weisskopf, AR; (2013) Archaeobotanical implications of phytolith assemblages from cultivated rice systems, wild rice stands and macro-regional patterns. Journal of Archaeological Science , 51 pp. 43-53. 10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.026 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.026>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1395899/2/1-s2.0-S0305440313001544-main.pdf