eprintid: 1354100 rev_number: 88 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/35/41/00 datestamp: 2012-07-30 18:36:33 lastmod: 2021-09-19 23:09:56 status_changed: 2012-07-30 18:36:33 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Counterman, BA creators_name: Araujo-Perez, F creators_name: Hines, HM creators_name: Baxter, SW creators_name: Morrison, CM creators_name: Lindstrom, DP creators_name: Papa, R creators_name: Ferguson, L creators_name: Joron, M creators_name: Ffrench-Constant, RH creators_name: Smith, CP creators_name: Nielsen, DM creators_name: Chen, R creators_name: Jiggins, CD creators_name: Reed, RD creators_name: Halder, G creators_name: Mallet, J creators_name: McMillan, WO title: Genomic hotspots for adaptation: The population genetics of Müllerian mimicry in Heliconius erato ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 divisions: D09 divisions: F99 note: © 2010 Baxter et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was principally funded by a BBSRC grant (011845) to CDJ and RHf-C, and also supported by a Leverhulme Trust award (F/09364/E), a NERC grant (D00114/2), and a Royal Society Fellowship to CDJ. Funding for the H. erato BAC sequencing was provided by National Science Foundation grants to WOM (DEB-0715096 and IBN-0344705). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. abstract: Wing patterning in Heliconius butterflies is a longstanding example of both Müllerian mimicry and phenotypic radiation under strong natural selection. The loci controlling such patterns are “hotspots” for adaptive evolution with great allelic diversity across different species in the genus. We characterise nucleotide variation, genotype-by-phenotype associations, linkage disequilibrium, and candidate gene expression at two loci and across multiple hybrid zones in Heliconius melpomene and relatives. Alleles at HmB control the presence or absence of the red forewing band, while alleles at HmYb control the yellow hindwing bar. Across HmYb two regions, separated by ~100 kb, show significant genotype-by-phenotype associations that are replicated across independent hybrid zones. In contrast, at HmB a single peak of association indicates the likely position of functional sites at three genes, encoding a kinesin, a G-protein coupled receptor, and an mRNA splicing factor. At both HmYb and HmB there is evidence for enhanced linkage disequilibrium (LD) between associated sites separated by up to 14 kb, suggesting that multiple sites are under selection. However, there was no evidence for reduced variation or deviations from neutrality that might indicate a recent selective sweep, consistent with these alleles being relatively old. Of the three genes showing an association with the HmB locus, the kinesin shows differences in wing disc expression between races that are replicated in the co-mimic, Heliconius erato, providing striking evidence for parallel changes in gene expression between Müllerian co-mimics. Wing patterning loci in Heliconius melpomene therefore show a haplotype structure maintained by selection, but no evidence for a recent selective sweep. The complex genetic pattern contrasts with the simple genetic basis of many adaptive traits studied previously, but may provide a better model for most adaptation in natural populations that has arisen over millions rather than tens of years. date: 2010-02-05 official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000794 vfaculties: VFLS oa_status: green language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_source: Scopus elements_id: 305012 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000794 lyricists_name: Mallet, James lyricists_id: JMALL47 full_text_status: public publication: PLoS Genetics volume: 6 number: 2 article_number: e1000794 issn: 1553-7390 citation: Counterman, BA; Araujo-Perez, F; Hines, HM; Baxter, SW; Morrison, CM; Lindstrom, DP; Papa, R; ... McMillan, WO; + view all <#> Counterman, BA; Araujo-Perez, F; Hines, HM; Baxter, SW; Morrison, CM; Lindstrom, DP; Papa, R; Ferguson, L; Joron, M; Ffrench-Constant, RH; Smith, CP; Nielsen, DM; Chen, R; Jiggins, CD; Reed, RD; Halder, G; Mallet, J; McMillan, WO; - view fewer <#> (2010) Genomic hotspots for adaptation: The population genetics of Müllerian mimicry in Heliconius erato. PLoS Genetics , 6 (2) , Article e1000794. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000794 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000794>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1354100/1/1354100.pdf