eprintid: 1311081 rev_number: 34 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/01/31/10/81 datestamp: 2011-06-19 20:44:43 lastmod: 2021-09-19 23:07:43 status_changed: 2013-11-14 11:48:31 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Burnstock, G title: Purinergic signalling: past, present and future ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 divisions: D09 keywords: Purinoceptors P1, P2X, P2Y, ATP release and breakdown, Purinergic neuropathology, Pain, Neurodegenerative diseases, CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM, GATED ION CHANNELS, GUINEA-PIG, ATP RECEPTOR, ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE, EXTRACELLULAR ATP, TAENIA-COLI, SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION, MAMMALIAN NEURONS, STRUCTURAL MOTIF note: This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). The authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article and can allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles published in the BJMBR, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. abstract: The discovery of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission in the gut and bladder in the early 1960's is described as well as the identification of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) as a transmitter in these nerves in the early 1970's. The concept of purinergic cotransmission was formulated in 1976 and it is now recognized that ATP is a cotransmitter in all nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Two families of receptors to purines were recognized in 1978, P1 ( adenosine) receptors and P2 receptors sensitive to ATP and adenosine diphosphate ( ADP). Cloning of these receptors in the early 1990's was a turning point in the acceptance of the purinergic signalling hypothesis and there are currently 4 subtypes of P1 receptors, 7 subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors. Both short-term purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and neurosecretion and long-term ( trophic) purinergic signalling of cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, death in development and regeneration are recognized. There is now much known about the mechanisms underlying ATP release and extracellular breakdown by ecto-nucleotidases. The recent emphasis on purinergic neuropathology is discussed, including changes in purinergic cotransmission in development and ageing and in bladder diseases and hypertension. The involvement of neuron-glial cell interactions in various diseases of the central nervous system, including neuropathic pain, trauma and ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy are also considered. date: 2009-01 publisher: ASSOC BRAS DIVULG CIENTIFICA official_url: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-879X&lng=en&nrm=iso vfaculties: VFLS oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green article_type_text: Proceedings Paper verified: verified_batch elements_source: Web of Science elements_id: 318540 language_elements: EN lyricists_name: Burnstock, Geoffrey lyricists_id: GBURN46 full_text_status: public publication: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research volume: 42 number: 1 pagerange: 3-8 event_location: Ribeirao Preto, BRAZIL issn: 0100-879X citation: Burnstock, G; (2009) Purinergic signalling: past, present and future. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 42 (1) pp. 3-8. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1311081/1/7400.pdf