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<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1310433> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "This thesis undertakes to explain the appeal of the ideal of equality and the\r\nrole of the intrinsic value of equality therein. Following John Rawls, it\r\nultimately argues that justice requires the equal distribution of fundamental\r\nresources and privileges, and that equality may only be deviated from to the\r\nextent that these deviations better the lot of the worst-off. Thus justice\r\nrequires equality. However, I argue that Rawls’s difference principle (DP)\r\nis a way of respecting what is politically pragmatic without ensuring true\r\njustice. A proper conclusion of Rawls’s reasoning in support of the\r\ndifference principle would permit inequalities only to the extent that they\r\nreflect unequal burdens, as suggested by G. A. Cohen. Despite this\r\negalitarian conclusion, however, I argue that Rawls need not rely on the\r\nintrinsic value of equality.\r\nTo this end, I begin by examining the value of equality as it appears in\r\negalitarian theories of distributive justice, noting the difficulty in proving\r\nthat equality is of underived or intrinsic worth. I then scrutinize two\r\nchallenges to Rawls’s DP which, however opposed in direction, share the\r\nassumption that the DP relies on the intrinsic value of equality. Both\r\nchallenges reveal weaknesses in Rawls’s principle as it is typically\r\nformulated, leading us to doubt its very appeal – let alone its ability to prove\r\nthe value of equality.\r\nOn a proper reading of Rawls, however, what politically matters about\r\nequality doesn’t presuppose that equality itself is a value. Thus we can see\r\nRawls’s difference principle as intending to do justice to what is owed to\r\neach citizen, without having to be axiologically creative in the way that\r\nCohen is. Conversely, arguments for the difference principle go beyond the mere sufficiency Frankfurt allows for. So, again, Rawls better reflects the\r\npolitical attraction of equality than Frankfurt’s appeal to sufficiency can\r\nrecognize.\r\nIn closing, therefore, I argue that an alternative reading of Rawls’s argument\r\nfor the DP offers a compelling explanation for the appeal of the ideal of\r\nequality, an explanation that warrants a more egalitarian conclusion than\r\nRawls himself concedes. Thus, justice requires equality, but not necessarily\r\nbecause equality is intrinsically valuable."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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