eprintid: 10206563 rev_number: 9 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/65/63 datestamp: 2025-03-27 11:45:55 lastmod: 2025-03-27 11:45:55 status_changed: 2025-03-27 11:45:55 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Kim, Seokyoung creators_name: Dodds, Paul E creators_name: Butnar, Isabela title: Economic feasibility of low-carbon ethylene, propylene and jet fuel production ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C04 divisions: F34 keywords: Techno-economic analysis, Synthetic fuels, Green ethylene, Fischer-tropsch, Methanol synthesis, Energy systems note: © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. under a Creative Commons license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Jet fuel and key chemical building blocks (e.g. ethylene) cannot easily be substituted with zero-carbon alternatives and remain interconnected in a low-carbon future. Fischer-Tropsch and methanol synthesis offer pathways toward large-scale production of low-carbon synthetic hydrocarbons. This paper estimates the future costs of low-carbon ethylene, propylene, and jet fuel via those routes with feedstocks of either biomass or electricity with captured CO2. It finds while biobased hydrocarbons could fall below 1.1 USD/kg, electricity-based hydrocarbons using atmospheric CO2, even with the optimistic views, result in 4 USD/kg for ethylene, 2.3 USD/kg for propylene and 2.9 USD/kg for jet fuel. Using industry-captured CO2 as the carbon source could cut production costs by 28 %, but its future availability is likely to be limited. Offsetting existing hydrocarbon industries through direct air carbon capture and storage is projected to be more economical compared to electricity-based hydrocarbons. This research highlights the necessity for transitioning to a net zero power system to reduce electricity prices. As these technologies each produce multiple products and their business cases depend on sales of all products, a coherent cross-sectoral strategy to incentivise low-carbon fuels and chemicals would be valuable to ensure that the overall production reflects demand throughout a low-carbon transition. date: 2025-07 date_type: published publisher: Elsevier official_url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115648 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2373905 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115648 lyricists_name: Kim, Seokyoung lyricists_id: SKIMA38 actors_name: Kim, Seokyoung actors_id: SKIMA38 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: EP/R513143/1 [EPSRC CASE studentship]; EP/X038963/1 [UK-HyRES: Hub for Research Challenges in Hydrogen and Alternative Liquid Fuels]; NE/V013106/1 [Natural Environment Research Council] full_text_status: public publication: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews volume: 216 article_number: 115648 event_location: UK citation: Kim, Seokyoung; Dodds, Paul E; Butnar, Isabela; (2025) Economic feasibility of low-carbon ethylene, propylene and jet fuel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 216 , Article 115648. 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115648 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115648>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10206563/3/Kim_Economic%20feasibility%20of%20low-carbon%20ethylene%2C%20propylene%20and%20jet%20fuel%20production_VoR.pdf