TY - JOUR N1 - Copyright © 2025 Simeonov and Das. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Y1 - 2025/03/13/ AV - public VL - 19 TI - The rhythm of memory. Does theta frequency audio/visual flicker improve recall? KW - memory KW - oscillations KW - neural entrainment KW - theta KW - association KW - LTP KW - LTD A1 - Simeonov, Louise A1 - Das, Ravi JF - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience SN - 1662-5153 PB - Frontiers Media SA UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1555081 ID - discovery10206212 N2 - A fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience is how multi-sensory elements are bound into a unified memory trace. The formation of memories is thought to be reliant on precisely timed neural activity. Theta frequency neural oscillations have been proposed to orchestrate the timing of different sensory cortices. Here, we attempt to replicate findings that flickering stimuli presented in synchronous theta frequency will lead to enhanced recall. Additionally, we investigate whether theta frequency sensory flicker can improve encoding of emotional associative memories. The current study failed to replicate previous findings demonstrating improved recall for stimuli synchronously modulated at theta frequency in a multi-sensory associative learning task. We discuss possible explanations for the discrepancy between current and previous findings. ER -