eprintid: 10205888 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/58/88 datestamp: 2025-03-11 14:21:26 lastmod: 2025-03-11 14:21:26 status_changed: 2025-03-11 14:21:26 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Trotta, Domenico creators_name: Dimmock, Andrew creators_name: Hietala, Heli creators_name: Blanco-Cano, Xochitl creators_name: Horbury, Timothy S creators_name: Vainio, Rami creators_name: Dresing, Nina creators_name: Jebaraj, Immanuel Christopher creators_name: Lara, Francisco Espinosa creators_name: Gomez-Herrero, Raul creators_name: Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier creators_name: Kartavykh, Yulia creators_name: Lario, David creators_name: Gieseler, Jan creators_name: Janvier, Miho creators_name: Maksimovic, Milan creators_name: Sheshvan, Nasrin Talebpour creators_name: Owen, Christopher J creators_name: Kilpua, Emilia KJ creators_name: Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F title: An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F63 keywords: Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS, PLASMA-WAVES UPSTREAM, IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, BOW SHOCK, ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS, ENERGETIC PARTICLES, INNER HELIOSPHERE, WHISTLER WAVES, WIND note: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. abstract: Interplanetary (IP) shocks are fundamental constituents of the heliosphere, where they form as a result of solar activity. We use previously unavailable measurements of IP shocks in the inner heliosphere provided by Solar Orbiter, and present a survey of the first 100 shocks observed in situ at different heliocentric distances during the rising phase of solar cycle 25. The fundamental shock parameters (shock normals, shock normal angles, shock speeds, compression ratios, Mach numbers) have been estimated and studied as a function of heliocentric distance, revealing a rich scenario of configurations. Comparison with large surveys of shocks at 1 au shows that shocks in the quasi-parallel regime and with high speed are more commonly observed in the inner heliosphere. The wave environment of the shocks has also been addressed, with about 50% of the events exhibiting clear shock-induced upstream fluctuations. We characterize energetic particle responses to the passage of IP shocks at different energies, often revealing complex features arising from the interaction between IP shocks and preexisting fluctuations, including solar wind structures being processed upon shock crossing. Finally, we give details and guidance on the access use of the present survey, available on the EU-project “Solar Energetic Particle Analysis Platform for the Inner Heliosphere” website. The algorithm used to identify shocks in large data sets, now publicly available, is also described. date: 2025-03-01 date_type: published publisher: IOP Publishing Ltd official_url: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2362302 doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7 lyricists_name: Owen, Christopher lyricists_id: CJOWE13 actors_name: Owen, Christopher actors_id: CJOWE13 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: [UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)]; [UK Space Agency]; [UK Space Agency (UKSA)]; [UK STFC]; [Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)]; [Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France)]; [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France)]; [NASA]; ST/W001004/1 [STFC]; ST/X/002152/1 [STFC]; ESP2017-88436-R [STFC]; PID2019-104863RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 [STFC]; [Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades FEDER/MCIU/AEI]; 50OT2002 [German space agency (DLR)]; IN106724 [DGAPA PAPIIT]; CBF2023-2024-852 [CONAHCyT]; URF R1 180671 [Royal Society University Research Fellowship]; 346902 [Academy of Finland (SHOCKSEE)]; ST/W001071/1; ST/X002098/1 full_text_status: public publication: The Astrophysical Journal: Supplement Series volume: 277 number: 1 article_number: 2 pages: 17 issn: 0067-0049 citation: Trotta, Domenico; Dimmock, Andrew; Hietala, Heli; Blanco-Cano, Xochitl; Horbury, Timothy S; Vainio, Rami; Dresing, Nina; ... Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F; + view all <#> Trotta, Domenico; Dimmock, Andrew; Hietala, Heli; Blanco-Cano, Xochitl; Horbury, Timothy S; Vainio, Rami; Dresing, Nina; Jebaraj, Immanuel Christopher; Lara, Francisco Espinosa; Gomez-Herrero, Raul; Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier; Kartavykh, Yulia; Lario, David; Gieseler, Jan; Janvier, Miho; Maksimovic, Milan; Sheshvan, Nasrin Talebpour; Owen, Christopher J; Kilpua, Emilia KJ; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F; - view fewer <#> (2025) An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25. The Astrophysical Journal: Supplement Series , 277 (1) , Article 2. 10.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7 <https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365%2Fada4a7>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205888/1/Trotta_2025_ApJS_277_2.pdf